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International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
[ Article ]
International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology - Vol. 6, No. 1, pp.85-103
ISSN: 2234-0068 (Print) 2287-187X (Online)
Print publication date Jun 2016
Received 22 Oct 2015 Revised 10 Nov 2015 Accepted 11 Nov 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5865/IJKCT.2016.6.1.085

A Global Analysis of Open Access Books: A Study Based on Directory of Open Access Books

Sadagopan Dhanavandan*
*Assistant Librarian, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, India dhanavandan@gmail.com

Abstract

The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) provides a searchable index peer-reviewed monographs and edited volumes published under an Open Access business model, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher’s website or repository. This paper discusses a global analysis of open access books, which are available in the Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB). The data was collected from the open access directory at http://www.doabooks.org / on 20th October 2015. In total 3379 books are listed as available on the directory; the first and second books were published in 1866 and 1867 respectively. After 1962, the publication of books, increased gradually and the greatest number of books more than 300, was published in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Nearly 47 percent of the books (1584) were published in the English language only.

Keywords:

Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books, Year of Publication, Added on DOAB, Licenses

1. Introduction

In the 20th century, the library was opened for public use. After the development of Information and Communication Technology, things changed; electronic documents were made available to everybody with the help of the Internet. The creation of the Internet meant accessing anything, anywhere without boundaries that could be stored in a network around the world. It allowed for the access to both public and private material with the help of technology. Nowadays, content from every known subject area and matter can be put on the Internet for the public to see.

The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) is a discovery service for Open Access monographs (Snijder, 2012). DOAB provides a searchable index for peer-reviewed monographs and edited volumes published under an Open Access business model, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher’s website or repository. Academic publishers are invited to provide the metadata of their Open Access books to DOAB1. Metadata is harvestable in order to maximize dissemination, visibility and impact. Aggregators can integrate the records in their commercial services and libraries can integrate the directory into their online catalogues, thereby helping scholars, students and the general public to discover the books. DOAB is open to all academic publishers: The directory aims to cover all subject areas and all languages and attempts to contain as many books as possible.

The framed objectives are:

  • (1) To know the Author Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB
  • (2) To identify the Distribution of Publications Year Wise Books Available in DOAB
  • (3) To find out the Year Wise Books Added in DOAB
  • (4) To analyze the Language Wise Distribution of Open Access Books in DOAB
  • (5) To identify the Publisher Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB
  • (6) To analyze the Distribution of Publication Year Vs No.of Pages of Books in DOAB
  • (7) To identify the License Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB
  • (8) To assess the Year of publication of Books Vs Added Year in DOAB
  • (9) To find out the Licenses Wise Distribution of Books in DOAB Vs Added Year

2. Literature Review

Harnad (2004) studied the research on the impact when problems arise because journal articles are not accessible to all of the would-be users, and if the articles are losing potential research impact. Open Access articles have significantly higher citation impact than non-OA articles. There are two roads to OA: the “golden” road and the “green” road. Only 5% of journals are gold, but over 90% are already green yet only about 20% of articles have been self-archived. To reach 100% OA, self-archiving needs to be mandated by researchers' employers and funders, as the United Kingdom and the United States have recently recommended, and universities need to implement that mandate.

Unofficially it has been operating since 2011 and its beta version was launched in 2012. The DOAB is a service of the Open Access Publishing in European Networks (OAPEN) Foundation. The OAPEN Foundation is an international initiative dedicated to open access monograph publishing, based at the National Library, The Hague (Ferwerda, Snijder, & Adema, 2013). The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) was officially launched in July 2013 at the Open Access Monographs in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conference at the British Library in London.

Singh (2014) studied the role of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) in the open access movement with respect to DOAJ and OpenDOAR. He analyses the contribution of BRICS to DOAJ and OpenDOAR by country, year, language, and subject. Brazil and India are the leading nations in BRICS in the open access movement in DOAJ. Similarly, these two Countries are ahead of the rest with respect to the contribution of open access repositories to OpenDOAR.

Loan (2015) found that 307 e-books are available on science and technology through DOAB falling in three categories–monographs (209, 68.08%), book series (93, 30.29%) and conference proceedings (5, 1.63%). These e-books deal with eight major subject areas of Science and Technology having 36 sub-fields.

3. Methodology

This study discusses a global analysis of the Open Access Books which are available in the Directory Open Access Books (DOAB). The data was collected from the open access directory at http://www.doabooks.org/ on 20th October 2015. It was analyzed by simple percentage and chi-square test using SPSS.

Fig. 1.

Home Page of Directory of Open Access Books

4. Results

4.1 Author Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

Table 1 indicates the author wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. Based on the available data, in total 3379 books are available as of 20.10.2015. Among the 3379, 13 (0.38%) books were authored by Goebl, Hans and he is in the first position, 12 (0.36%) books were authored by Benchimol, Jaime Larry (org.) / SA Magali Romero (org.) and this in the second position and 10 (0.30%) books were authored by Lal V., Brij who occupies the third position. Further it is revealed from the table, equally four books were published by 28 authors, three books by 26, two by 141 authors and that single book were published by 2862 authors. It is concluded that out of 3379, 21 books did not mention their authors in the directory.

Author Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

4.2 Distribution of Publications Year Wise Books Available in DOAB

Table 2 indicates the publication year wise distribution of books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. During the period of 1866 to 2015 in total 3379 books are listed as available on the directory; the first and second books were published in 1866 and 1867 respectively. During the years 1867 to 1927 the publishers no books published were made available in open access. After the year 1962 there is a gradual increase in the publication of books. From the year 2006, more than 100 books were published every year. The maximum number of books i.e., more than 300 were published in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014. It is evident from the table that, the maximum number of books, 394 was published in 2014.

Distribution of Publications Year Wise Books Available in DOAB

4.3 Year Wise Books Added in DOAB

Table 3 shows the year wise books added in open access books in the Directory of Open Access Books. During the period of 1866 to 2015 totally 3379 books were published, the books were added in the Directory from 2011 onwards. Out of 3379, 487 (14.41%) books were added in November 2011, but after March 2012 every month the minimum number of books were added regularly. The reason behind that is the awareness of open access among the users community. It is revealed from the table that, more than 200 books were added the following years April 2012, June 2012 and May 2015.

Year Wise Books Added in DOAB

4.4 Language Wise Distribution of Open Access Books in DOAB

Table 4 indicates the language wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. Among the 3379, 1584 (46.88%) books were published in English, 387 (11.45%) in Portuguese and 337 (9.67%) books were published in French, but 321 (9.50%) books did not mention the language of publication in the respective sources. It is revealed from the table, single books only were published in the following languages like Welsh, Swedish, Russian and Espanola.

Language Wise Distribution of Open Access Books in DOAB

4.5 Publisher Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

Table 5 shows the publishers wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. Among the 3379, 368 (1089%) books were by ANU Press which is in the first position, 230 (6.81%) books were by Amsterdam University Press, which is in the second position, 209 (6.19%) were by UniversitÃtsverlag GÃttingen, which is in the third position, and 165 (4.88%) books were by BÃhlau which is in the fourth position. But many of the publishers have published the open access books in single digits only. These are listed at the bottom of the Table 5 and designated as follows: Equally Nine Books by Two Publishers, Eight Books by Four Publishers, Six Books by Two Publishers, Five Books by Five Publishers, Four Books by six Publishers, Three Books by Nine Publishers, Two Books by 12 Publishers and Single Book by 33 Publishers.

Publisher Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

4.6 Distribution of Publication Year Vs No.of Pages of Books in DOAB

Table 6 shows the year wise distribution of open access books based on the category of the number of pages in the publication. They were categorized based on the number of pages such as: not mentioned, 1 - 100, 101 - 200, 201 - 300, 301 - 400 and above 400. Among the 3379, 125 (37.0%) books were below 100 pages, 528 (15.63%) books were in more than 100 but below 200 pages, 683 (20.21%) books were in more than 200 but below 300 pages, 387 (11.45%) books were in the category of 300 to 400 pages, 151 (4.47%) books are more than 400 pages and 1505 (44.53%) books did not mentioned the number of pages in the directory. It is concluded from the table, that nearly 45 percent of the books did not mention the page number details.

The Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the publication year of open access books with respect their page numbers. The computed Chi-square value is 438.689 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence, the difference among the year of publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to number of pages of open access books.

Distribution of Publication Year Vs No.of Pages of Books in DOAB

4.7 License Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

Table 7 shows the language wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books, which are categories based on their licenses. The open access books are categorized based on the licenses as follows: no licenses, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC, CC-BY-NC-ND, CC-BY-NC-SA, CC-BY-ND and CC-BY-SA. Among the 3379, 807 (23.88%) books were found as having no licenses, 97 (2.87%) books had CC-BY, 351 (10.391%) books had CC-BY-NC, 1438 (42.56%) books were in the category of CC-BY-NC-ND, 464 (13.73%) books were in CC-BY-NC-SA, 175 (5.18%) books were in CC-BY-ND and 47 (1.39%) books were in CC-BY-SA as per the directory. It is concluded from the table that, nearly 25 percent of the books had no licenses.

A Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the languages of open access books with respect their licenses. The computed Chi-square value is 6042.093 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence, the difference among the languages wise publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to type of licenses of open access books.

License Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

4.8 Year of publication Vs Added Year in DOAB

Table 8 shows the year wise publication and added on open access books in the Directory of Open Access Books. During the period of 1866 to 2015 totally 3379 books were published, but from the year 2011 only books were added in the Directory. Out of 3379 the numbers added were as follows:, 487 (14.41%) books in 2011, 702 (20.77%) books in 2012, 365 (10.8%) books in 2013, 920 (27.22%) books in 2014 and 905 (26.78%) books in 2015. It is revealed from the table, that more than fifty percent of the books were added in 2014 and 2015, but 15 (0.44%) books did not mention their year of publication.

A Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the publication year of open access books with respect to the year added on DOAB. The computed Chi-square value is 2761.227 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence the difference among year wise publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to added year of open access books in DOAB.

Year of publication Vs Added Year in DOAB

4.9 Licenses Wise Distribution of Books in DOAB Vs Added Year

Table 9 shows the license wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory Open Access Books, which are categories based on added years. Among the 3379, 807 (23.88%) books had no licenses, 97 (2.87%) books had CC-BY, 351 (10.39%) books had CC-BY-NC, 1438 (42.56%) books had CC-BY-NC-ND, 464 (13.73%) book had CC-BY-NC-SA, 175 (5.18%) books had CC-BY-ND and 47 (1.39%) of books had CC-BY-SA licenses. Out of 3379, 487 (14.41%) books were added in 2011, 702 (20.77%) books in 2012, 365 (10.8%) books in 2013, 920 (27.22%) books in 2014 and 905 (26.78%) books were added in 2015 with DOAB. Among the 905 books added in 2015, which includes 295 books with no licenses, 39 book had CC-BY, 78 books had CC-BY-NC, 193 books had CC-BY-NC-ND, 289 books had CC-BY-NC-SA, four books has CC-BY-ND and seven books has CC-BY-SA licenses. It is revealed from the table, that more than fifty percent of the books were added in 2014 and 2015, but 15 (0.44%) books did not mention their year of publications. It is concluded from the table that, nearly 25 percent of the books had no licenses.

A Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the licenses of open access books with respect to the year added on DOAB. The computed Chi-square value is 1407.314 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence, the difference among licenses wise publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to added year of open access books in DOAB.

Licenses Wise Distribution of Books in DOAB Vs Added Year

5. Findings

  • ➢ During the period of 1866 to 2015 in total 3379 books are listed as available on the directory; Among the 3379, 13 (0.38%) books were authored by Goebl, Hans and he is in the first position, 12 (0.36%) books were authored by Benchimol, Jaime Larry (org.) / SA Magali Romero (org.) and they are in the second position, and 10 (0.30%) books were authored by Lal V., Brij, which occupies the third position.
  • ➢ The first and second books were published in 1866 and 1867 respectively. During the year 1867 to 1927 the publishers did not make any books published available in open access form.
  • ➢ Out of 3379, 487 (14.41%) books were added in November 2011. After March 2012, every month a minimum number of books were added regularly, with the reason behind this being that the awareness of open access among the user community increased.
  • ➢ 1584 (46.88%) books were published in English, 387 (11.45%) in Portuguese and 337 (9.67%) books published in French, but 321 (9.50%) books do not mentioned their language of publication.
  • ➢ Among the total books, 368 (1089%) books were by ANU Press which is in the first position, 230 (6.81%) books were by Amsterdam University Press, which is in the second position, 209 (6.19%) were by UniversitÃtsverlag GÃttingen, which is in the third and 165 (4.88%) books were by BÃhlau which is in the fourth position. Many of the others publishers have published the open access books in single digits only.
  • ➢ Among the 3379, 125 (370%) books were below 100 pages, 528 (15.63%) books were more than 100 but below 200 pages, 683 (20.21%) books were more than 200 but below 300 pages, 387 (11.45%) books were in the category of 300 to 400 pages, 151 (4.47%) books were more than 400 pages, and 1505 (44.53%) books did not mentioned the number of pages in the directory. It is concluded from the table that nearly 45 percent of the books did not mention page number details.
  • ➢ 807 (23.88%) books had no licenses, 97 (2.87%) books had CC-BY, 351 (10.391%) books had CC-BY-NC, 1438 (42.56%) books had CC-BY-NC-ND, 464 (13.73%) books had CC-BY-NC-SA, 175 (5.18%) books had CC-BY-ND, and 47 (1.39%) books had CC-BY-SA licenses.
  • ➢ Out of 3379, 487 (14.41%) books were added in 2011, 702 (20.77%) books in 2012, 365 (10.8%) books in 2013, 920 (27.22%) books in 2014 and 905 (26.78%) books were added in 2015. It is revealed from the table that, more than fifty percent of books were added in 2014 and 2015.
  • ➢ Totally 905 books were added in 2015 which includes 295 books that had no licenses, 39 books with CC-BY, 78 books with CC-BY-NC, 193 books has CC-BY-NC-ND, 289 books with CC-BY-NC-SA, 4 books with CC-BY-ND and 7 books with CC-BY-SA licenses.

6. Conclusion

During the period of 1866 to 2015, in total 3379 are listed in DOAB with 487 books added in 2011, 702 books in 2012, 365 books in 2013, 920 books in 2014, and 905 books added in 2015, but more than fifty percent of the books were added in 2014 and 2015. The library professionals need to direct the user communities towards open access resources. The academic librarians have an important role to complete promotion and publicity of the benefits of open access. The Directory of Open Access Books creates the visibility for open access books and it is a platform for end users. A maximum of the libraries as well as publishers are contributing to the open access products like DOAJ and DOAR. Similarly the academic publishers also are taking the initiative to share the books through the DOAB. Library professionals can integrate the directory into their online catalogues, helping scholars and students to discover and utilize the books.

References

  • DOAB: Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB: Directory of Open Access Books). Retrieved from http://www.doabooks.org
  • Ferwerda, E., Snijder, R., & Adema, J., (2013), OAPEN-NL: A project exploring open access monograph publishing in the Netherlands; final report, Oapen Foundation.
  • Harnad, S., Brody, T., ValliA res, F. O., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y., & Hilf, E. R., (2004), The access / impact problem and the green and gold roads to open access, Serials Review, 30(4), p310-314. [https://doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2004.10764930]
  • Loan, F. A., (2015), Open access e-books in science and technology: A case study of Directory of Open Access Books, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 35(4), p304-309. [https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.35.4.8494]
  • Nicholas, D., Clark, D., Jamali, H. R., & Watkinson, A., (2014), Log usage analysis: What it discloses about use, information seeking and trustworthiness, International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology, 4(1), p23-37. [https://doi.org/10.5865/IJKCT.2014.4.1.023]
  • Singh, N., (2014), The role of BRICS in open access movement: With especial reference to DOAJ and OpenDOAR, Chinese Librarianship, 38, p50-59.
  • Snijder, R., (2012), A new service for open access monographs: The Directory of Open Access Books, Retrieved from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/E-book.
[ About the author ]

Dr. Sadagopan Dhanavadan, is working as Assistant Librarian at The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram – 624 302, Tamil Nadu. He serves more than eighteen years in the LIS profession. He has guided many Ph.D scholars and Doctoral Committee member in various Universities in Tamil Nadu. He has published more than 100 articles in National and International Journals and more than 120 papers presented and published in National and International Conferences. Further he also published more than 18 books in Library and Information Science and 25 papers published in Chapters in edited books. He has attended more than 50 Seminars/Workshops and training programmes. He served as Chairperson and resource person in many workshop and conferences and also organized five workshops.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.
Home Page of Directory of Open Access Books

Table 1.

Author Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

Sl.No. Name of Authors No.of Books Percentage
1 Not Mentioned 21 0.62
2 Goebl, Hans 13 0.38
3 Benchimol, Jaime Larry (org.); SÃ Magali Romero (org.) 12 0.36
4 Lal V., Brij 10 0.30
5 Leopold Lambert 8 0.24
6 Claudine Tiercelin 7 0.21
7 Rodrigues, Leôncio Martins 7 0.21
8 aa.vv 6 0.18
9 Coester-Waltjen, Dagmar; Lipp, Volker; Schumann, Eva; Veit, Barbara 6 0.18
10 Garnaut, Ross; Song, Ligang 6 0.18
11 Grau, Luis 6 0.18
12 Jacques Bouveresse 6 0.18
13 Sorj, Bernardo 6 0.18
14 Fundasao Oswaldo Cruz 5 0.15
15 Lopes, Juarez Rubens Brandão 5 0.15
16 Zorzi, Andrea 5 0.15
17 Equally Four books by 7 Authors 28 0.84
18 Equally Three books by 26 Authors 78 2.31
19 Equally Two books by 141 Authors 282 8.35
20 Each Single Books by 2862 Authors 2862 84.70
Total 3379 100

Table 2.

Distribution of Publications Year Wise Books Available in DOAB

Sl.No. Year No.of Books Percentage Cumulative Percentage
1 1866 1 0.03 0.03
2 1867 1 0.03 0.06
3 1927 1 0.03 0.09
4 1931 1 0.03 0.12
5 1932 1 0.03 0.15
6 1940 1 0.03 0.18
7 1950 1 0.03 0.21
8 1952 1 0.03 0.24
9 1956 1 0.03 0.27
10 1962 1 0.03 0.3
11 1963 1 0.03 0.33
12 1964 1 0.03 0.36
13 1965 2 0.06 0.42
14 1967 3 0.09 0.51
15 1968 1 0.03 0.54
16 1972 1 0.03 0.57
17 1973 4 0.12 0.69
18 1974 2 0.06 0.75
19 1975 1 0.03 0.78
20 1976 2 0.06 0.84
21 1977 3 0.09 0.93
22 1978 3 0.09 1.02
23 1979 1 0.03 1.05
24 1981 1 0.03 1.08
25 1982 2 0.06 1.14
26 1983 1 0.03 1.17
27 1984 1 0.03 1.2
28 1985 6 0.18 1.38
29 1986 4 0.12 1.5
30 1987 2 0.06 1.56
31 1988 1 0.03 1.59
32 1989 4 0.12 1.71
33 1991 2 0.06 1.77
34 1992 6 0.18 1.95
35 1993 9 0.27 2.22
36 1994 13 0.38 2.6
37 1995 19 0.56 3.16
38 1996 16 0.47 3.63
39 1997 24 0.71 4.34
40 1998 20 0.59 4.93
41 1999 27 0.80 5.73
42 2000 25 0.74 6.47
43 2001 43 1.27 7.74
44 2002 57 1.69 9.43
45 2003 123 3.64 13.07
46 2004 90 2.66 15.73
47 2005 86 2.55 18.28
48 2006 148 4.38 22.66
49 2007 125 3.70 26.36
50 2008 246 7.28 33.64
51 2009 298 8.82 42.46
52 2010 309 9.14 51.6
53 2011 273 8.08 59.68
54 2012 362 10.71 70.39
55 2013 381 11.28 81.67
56 2014 394 11.66 93.33
57 2015 211 6.24 99.57
58 Not Mentioned 15 0.43 100.00
Total 3379 100.00

Table 3.

Year Wise Books Added in DOAB

Sl.No. Added on DOAB No.of Books Percentage Cumulative Percentage
1 2015 October 11 0.33 0.33
2 2015 September 82 2.43 2.75
3 2015 August 38 1.12 3.88
4 2015 July 53 1.57 5.45
5 2015 June 107 3.17 8.61
6 2015 May 278 8.23 16.84
7 2015 April 35 1.04 17.88
8 2015 March 25 0.74 18.61
9 2015 February 29 0.86 19.47
10 2015 January 247 7.31 26.78
11 2014 December 55 1.63 28.41
12 2014 November 41 1.21 29.62
13 2014 October 126 3.73 33.35
14 2014 September 29 0.86 34.21
15 2014 August 81 2.40 36.61
16 2014 July 62 1.83 38.44
17 2014 June 115 3.40 41.85
18 2014 May 38 1.12 42.97
19 2014 April 22 0.65 43.62
20 2014 March 106 3.14 46.76
21 2014 February 164 4.85 51.61
22 2014 January 81 2.40 54.01
23 2013 December 14 0.41 54.42
24 2013 November 20 0.59 55.02
25 2013 October 21 0.62 55.64
26 2013 September 93 2.75 58.39
27 2013 August 8 0.24 58.63
28 2013 July 16 0.47 59.10
29 2013 June 7 0.21 59.31
30 2013 May 34 1.01 60.31
31 2013 April 18 0.53 60.85
32 2013 March 122 3.61 64.46
33 2013 February 11 0.33 64.78
34 2013 January 1 0.03 64.81
35 2012 December 4 0.12 64.93
36 2012 November 36 1.07 66.00
37 2012 October 5 0.15 66.14
38 2012 September 34 1.01 67.15
39 2012 August 40 1.18 68.33
40 2012 July 34 1.01 69.34
41 2012 June 202 5.98 75.32
42 2012 May 26 0.77 76.09
43 2012 April 223 6.60 82.69
44 2012 March 98 2.90 85.59
45 2011 November 487 14.41 100.00
Total 3379 100.00

Table 4.

Language Wise Distribution of Open Access Books in DOAB

Sl.No. Languages No.of Books Percentage Cumulative Percentage
1 English 1584 46.88 46.88
2 Portuguese 387 11.45 58.33
3 French 337 9.97 68.30
4 Not Mentioned 321 9.50 77.80
5 Dutch 269 7.96 85.77
6 German 221 6.54 92.31
7 Italian 105 3.11 95.41
8 Spanish 96 2.84 98.25
9 Dutch/English 13 0.38 98.64
10 Dutch/Italian/rm 13 0.38 99.02
11 English/French 4 0.12 99.14
12 Czech 3 0.09 99.23
13 Dutch/Latin/English 2 0.06 99.29
14 German/English 2 0.06 99.35
15 Italian/English 2 0.06 99.41
16 Spagnolo 2 0.06 99.47
17 ar 1 0.03 99.50
18 Dutch/English/French/Italian 1 0.03 99.53
19 Dutch/Latin 1 0.03 99.56
20 English/Cree 1 0.03 99.59
21 English/Dutch 1 0.03 99.62
22 English/Arabic 1 0.03 99.64
23 English/Czech 1 0.03 99.67
24 English/Italian 1 0.03 99.70
25 English/French/Czech/Michif/Chinese 1 0.03 99.73
26 Espanol 1 0.03 99.76
27 French/Spanish 1 0.03 99.79
28 German/English 1 0.03 99.82
29 Leopold Lambert 1 0.03 99.85
30 Russian 1 0.03 99.88
31 Spanish/Italian 1 0.03 99.91
32 Spanish/English 1 0.03 99.94
33 Swedish 1 0.03 99.97
34 Welsh 1 0.03 100.00
Total 3379 100.00

Table 5.

Publisher Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

Sl. No. Name of Publishers No.of Books Percentage Cumulative Percentage
1 ANU Press 368 10.89 10.89
2 Amsterdam University Press 230 6.81 17.70
3 UniversitÃtsverlag GÃttingen 209 6.19 23.88
4 BÃhlau 165 4.88 28.77
5 Bloomsbury Academic 129 3.82 32.58
6 Presses de lâIfpo 123 3.64 36.22
7 De Gruyter 114 3.37 39.60
8 SciELO Books - Centro Edelstein 113 3.34 42.94
9 Collège de France 102 3.02 45.96
10 SciELO Books - Editora UNESP 97 2.87 48.83
11 Utah State University, University Libraries 97 2.87 51.70
12 Manchester University Press 94 2.78 54.48
13 Athabasca University Press 93 2.75 57.24
14 Firenze University Press 89 2.63 59.87
15 SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ 88 2.60 62.47
16 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Figuerola Institute of Social Science History 78 2.31 64.78
17 Springer-Verlag GmbH 76 2.25 67.03
18 Punctum Books 68 2.01 69.04
19 Open Book Publishers 63 1.86 70.91
20 University of Calgary Press 63 1.86 72.77
21 SciELO Books - EDUFBA 59 1.75 74.52
22 Ledizioni - LediPublishing 55 1.63 76.15
23 Brill 50 1.48 77.63
24 University of Adelaide Press 50 1.48 79.11
25 CNRS Ãditions 47 1.39 80.50
26 ENS Ãditions 46 1.36 81.86
27 Newfound Press 45 1.33 83.19
28 Central European University Press 38 1.12 84.31
29 University of Michigan Press 30 0.89 85.20
30 Academia Press 26 0.77 85.97
31 EDP SCIENCES 25 0.74 86.71
32 Open Humanities Press 22 0.65 87.36
33 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenscha 21 0.62 87.98
34 Oxford University Press 20 0.59 88.58
35 SciELO Books - EDUEPB 20 0.59 89.17
36 KIT Scientific Publishing 19 0.56 89.73
37 Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidadesy Ciencias de la Educaci 19 0.56 90.29
38 University of Tartu Press 17 0.50 90.80
39 MDPI AG - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 16 0.47 91.27
40 Ubiquity Press 16 0.47 91.74
41 Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux (Liege University) 14 0.41 92.16
42 Editions de Linguistique et de Philologie 13 0.38 92.54
43 Leiden University Press 13 0.38 92.93
44 Studien Verlag 13 0.38 93.31
45 OpenEdition Press 11 0.33 93.64
46 Language Science Press 10 0.30 93.93
47 Palgrave Macmillan 10 0.30 94.23
48 Equally Nine Books by Two Publishers 18 0.53 94.76
49 Equally Eight Books by Four Publishers 32 0.95 95.71
50 Equally Six Books by Two Publishers 12 0.36 96.06
51 Equally Five Books by Five Publishers 25 0.74 96.80
52 Equally Four Books by six Publishers 24 0.71 97.51
53 Equally Three Books by Nine Publishers 27 0.80 98.31
54 Equally Two Books by 12 Publishers 24 0.71 99.02
55 Equally Single Book by 33 Publishers 33 0.98 100.00
Total 3379 100.00

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 438.689 285 .000
Likelihood Ratio 482.560 285 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 87.755 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 3379

Table 6.

Distribution of Publication Year Vs No.of Pages of Books in DOAB

Sl. No. Year Classification of Pages Total
Not mentioned 1-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 Above 400
(Figures in Parenthesis denote percentage)
1 Not Mentioned 13 (0.38) 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 1 (0.03) 15 (0.44)
2 1866 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 1 (0.03)
3 1867 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
4 1927 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
5 1931 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
6 1932 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.030
7 1940 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
8 1950 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
9 1952 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.030
10 1956 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
11 1962 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
12 1963 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
13 1964 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
14 1965 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
15 1967 3 (0.09) 0 0 0 0 0 3 (0.09)
16 1968 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 1 (0.03)
17 1972 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
18 1973 4 (0.12) 0 0 0 0 0 4 (0.12)
19 1974 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
20 1975 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
21 1976 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
22 1977 2 (0.06) 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 3 (0.09)
23 1978 3 (0.09) 0 0 0 0 0 3 (0.09)
24 1979 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
25 1981 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
26 1982 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
27 1983 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
28 1984 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
29 1985 6 (0.18) 0 0 0 0 0 6 (0.18)
30 1986 4 (0.12) 0 0 0 0 0 4 (0.12)
31 1987 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
32 1988 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
33 1989 4 (0.12) 0 0 0 0 0 4 (0.12)
34 1991 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
35 1992 4 (0.12) 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03) 0 0 6 (0.18)
36 1993 6 (0.18) 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 9 (0.27)
37 1994 6 (0.18) 0 1 (0.03) 6 (0.18) 0 0 13 (0.38)
38 1995 11 (0.33) 1 (0.03) 4 (0.12) 2 (0.06) 1 (0.03) 0 19 (0.56)
39 1996 10 (0.30) 0 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 2 (0.06) 1 (0.03) 16 (0.47)
40 1997 11 (0.33) 1 (0.03) 4 (0.12) 5 (0.15) 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 24 (0.71)
41 1998 10 (0.30) 0 5 (0.15) 5 (0.15) 0 0 20 (0.59)
42 1999 14 (0.41) 1 (0.03) 4 (0.12) 6 (0.18) 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03) 27 (0.8)
43 2000 16 (0.47) 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 4 (0.12) 2 (0.06) 0 25 (0.74)
44 2001 36 (1.07) 0 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 3 (0.09) 1 (0.03) 43 (1.27)
45 2002 45 (1.33) 0 2 (0.06) 4 (0.12) 5 (0.15) 1 (0.03) 57 (1.69)
46 2003 102 (3.02) 0 4 (0.12) 9 (0.27) 5 (0.15) 3 (0.09) 123 (3.64)
47 2004 64 (1.89) 1 (0.03) 7 (0.21) 8 (0.24) 5 (0.15) 5 (0.15) 90 (2.66)
48 2005 60 (1.78) 1 (0.03) 4 (0.12) 9 (0.27) 9 (0.27) 3 (0.09) 86 (2.55)
49 2006 68 (2.01) 3 (0.09) 24 (0.71) 29 (0.86) 16 (0.47) 8 (0.24) 148 (4.38)
50 2007 61 (1.81) 1 (0.03) 16 (0.47) 32 (0.95) 12 (0.36) 3 (0.09) 125 (3.7)
51 2008 9 (2.66) 16 (0.47) 51 (1.51) 48 (1.42) 31 (0.92) 1 (0.3) 246 (7.28)
52 2009 9 (2.66) 18 (0.53) 54 (1.6) 70 (2.07) 51 (1.51) 15 (0.44) 298 (8.82)
53 2010 101 (2.99) 24 (0.71) 65 (1.92) 73 (2.16) 41 (1.21) 5 (0.15) 309 (9.14)
54 2011 101 (2.99) 9 (0.27) 46 (1.36) 63 (1.86) 34 (1.01) 20 (0.59) 273 (8.08)
55 2012 149 (4.41) 13 (0.38) 46 (1.36) 88 (2.6) 48 (1.42) 18 (0.53) 362 (10.71)
56 2013 146 (4.32) 12 (0.36) 79 (2.34) 79 (2.34) 51 (1.51) 14 (0.41) 381 (11.28)
57 2014 161 (4.76) 16 (0.47) 67 (1.98) 87 (2.57) 41 (1.21) 22 (0.65) 394 (11.66)
58 2015 75 (2.22) 7 (0.21) 38 (1.12) 48 (1.42) 27 (0.8) 16 (0.47) 211 (6.24)
Total 1505 (44.53) 125 (3.70) 528 (15.63) 683 (20.21) 387 (11.45) 151 (4.47) 3379 (100)

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 6042.093 198 .000
Likelihood Ratio 4100.933 198 .000
N of Valid Cases 3379

Table 7.

License Wise Distribution of Books Available in DOAB

Sl. No. Languages NO LICESES CC BY CC BY-NC CC BY-NC-ND CC BY-NC-SA CC BY-ND CC BY-SA TOTAL
(Figures in Parenthesis denote percentage)
1 Not Mentioned 62 (1.83) 5 (0.15) 123 (3.64) 120 (3.55) 11 (0.33) 0 0 321 (9.5)
2 ar 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
3 Czech 0 1 (0.03) 0 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 3 (0.09)
4 Dutch 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 44 (1.3) 218 (6.45) 0 4 (0.12) 0 269 (7.96)
5 Dutch; English 0 0 3 (0.09) 10 (0.3) 0 0 0 13 (0.38)
6 Dutch; English; French; Italian 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
7 Dutch; Italian; rm 0 0 0 13 (0.38) 0 0 0 13 (0.38)
8 Dutch^la 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
9 Dutch^la^el 0 0 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
10 English 445 (13.17) 83 (2.46) 153 (4.53) 814 (24.09) 36 (1.07) 24 (0.71) 29 (0.86) 1584 (46.88)
11 English; Cree 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
12 English; Dutch 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
13 English, Arabic 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
14 English; Czech 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
15 English; Italian 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
16 English; French 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 2 (0.06) 0 0 4 (0.12)
17 English; French; Cree; Michif; Chinese 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
18 Espanola 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 1 (0.03)
19 French; Spanish 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
20 French 292 (8.64) 1 (0.03) 20 (0.59) 19 (0.56) 5 (0.15) 0 0 337 (9.97)
21 German 0 4 (0.12) 2 (0.06) 50 (1.48) 0 147 (4.35) 18 (0.53) 221 (6.54)
22 German; English 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 0 0 0 2 (0.06)
23 German; English 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
24 Italian 3 (0.09) 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 79 (2.34) 20 (0.59) 0 0 105 (3.11)
25 Italian; English 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 0 0 2 (0.06)
26 Leopold Lambert 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
27 Portuguese 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 385 (11.39) 0 0 387 (11.45)
28 Russian 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
29 Spanish; Italian 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
30 Spanish; English 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
31 Spagnolo 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 0 0 2 (0.06)
32 Spanish 2 (0.06) 0 0 94 (2.78) 0 0 0 96 (2.84)
33 Swedish 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
34 Welsh 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 0 1 (0.03)
Total 807(23.88) 97(2.87) 351(10.39) 1438(42.56) 464(13.73) 175(5.18) 47(1.39) 3379(100)

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 2761.227 228 .00
Likelihood Ratio 2809.863 228 .00
Linear-by-Linear Association 10.776 1 .01
N of Valid Cases 3379

Table 8.

Year of publication Vs Added Year in DOAB

Sl. No. Year of Publication 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
(Figures in Parenthesis denote percentage)
1 Not Mentioned 2 (0.06) 1 (0.03) 0 8 (0.24) 4 (0.12) 15 (0.44)
2 1866 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
3 1867 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
4 1927 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
5 1931 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
6 1932 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 1 (0.03)
7 1940 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
8 1950 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 1 (0.03)
9 1952 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 1 (0.03)
10 1956 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
11 1962 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
12 1963 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
13 1964 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
14 1965 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06)
15 1967 0 0 0 0 3 (0.09) 3 (0.09)
16 1968 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 1 (0.03)
17 1972 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
18 1973 0 0 0 0 4 (0.12) 4 (0.12)
19 1974 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 0 2 (0.06)
20 1975 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
21 1976 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 0 2 (0.06)
22 1977 0 1 (0.03) 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03) 3 (0.09)
23 1978 0 0 0 0 3 (0.09) 3 (0.09)
24 1979 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
25 1981 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
26 1982 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 2 (0.06)
27 1983 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
28 1984 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
29 1985 0 1 (0.03) 0 3 (0.09) 2 (0.06) 6 (0.18)
30 1986 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 3 (0.09) 4 (0.12)
31 1987 0 1 (0.03) 0 0 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06)
32 1988 0 0 0 0 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03)
33 1989 0 0 1 (0.03) 0 3 (0.09) 4 (0.12)
34 1991 0 0 0 0 2 (0.06) 2 (0.06)
35 1992 0 0 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 3 (0.09) 6 (0.18)
36 1993 1 (0.03) 0 0 2 (0.06) 6 (0.18) 9 (0.27)
37 1994 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03) 1 (0.03) 6 (0.18) 4 (0.12) 13 (0.38)
38 1995 0 5 (0.15) 0 10 (0.3) 4 (0.12) 19 (0.56)
39 1996 1 (0.03) 2 (0.06) 0 11 (0.33) 2 (0.06) 16 (0.47)
40 1997 1 (0.03) 4 (0.12) 0 12 (0.36) 7 (0.21) 24 (0.71)
41 1998 0 3 (0.09) 0 11 (0.33) 6 (0.18) 20 (0.59)
42 1999 1 (0.03) 5 (0.15) 2 (0.06) 15 (0.44) 4 (0.12) 27 (0.8)
43 2000 2 (0.06) 4 (0.12) 0 11 (0.33) 8 (0.24) 25 (0.74)
44 2001 3 (0.09) 8 (0.24) 4 (0.12) 14 (0.41) 14 (0.41) 43 (1.27)
45 2002 23 (0.68) 4 (0.12) 3 (0.09) 11 (0.33) 16 (0.47) 57 (1.69)
46 2003 77 (2.28) 12 (0.36) 7 (0.21) 12 (0.36) 15 (0.44) 123 (3.64)
47 2004 31 (0.92) 7 (0.21) 5 (0.15) 26 (0.77) 21 (0.62) 90 (2.66)
48 2005 26 (0.77) 19 (0.56) 3 (0.09) 18 (0.53) 20 (0.59) 86 (2.55)
49 2006 55 (1.63) 22 (0.65) 14 (0.41) 45 (1.33) 12 (0.36) 148 (4.38)
50 2007 35 (1.04) 47 (1.39) 10 (0.3) 13 (0.38) 20 (0.59) 125 (3.7)
51 2008 69 (2.04) 83 (2.46) 12 (0.36) 17 (0.5) 65 (1.92) 246 (7.28)
52 2009 75 (2.22) 85 (2.52) 11 (0.33) 22 (0.65) 105 (3.11) 298 (8.82)
53 2010 48 (1.42) 120 (3.55) 21 (0.62) 29 (0.86) 91 (2.69) 309 (9.14)
54 2011 36 (1.07) 143 (4.23) 24 (0.71) 46 (1.36) 24 (0.71) 273 (8.08)
55 2012 0 121 (3.58) 104 (3.08) 112 (3.31) 25 (0.74) 362 (10.71)
56 2013 0 3 (0.09) 138 (4.08) 200 (5.92) 40 (1.18) 381 (11.28)
57 2014 0 0 4 (0.12) 249 (7.37) 141 (4.17) 394 (11.66)
58 2015 0 0 0 4 (0.12) 207 (6.13) 211 (6.24)
Total 487 (14.41) 702 (20.77) 365 (10.8) 920 (27.22) 905 (26.78) 3379 (100)

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1407.314 24 .00
Likelihood Ratio 1610.671 24 .00
N of Valid Cases 3379

Table 9.

Licenses Wise Distribution of Books in DOAB Vs Added Year

Sl.No. Licenses 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
(Figures in Parenthesis denote percentage)
1 No licenses 1 (0.03) 217 (6.42) 1 (0.03) 293 (8.67) 295 (8.73) 807 (23.88)
2 CC-BY 2 (0.06) 8 (0.24) 23 (0.68) 25 (0.74) 39 (1.15) 97 (2.87)
3 CC-BY-NC 137 (4.05) 37 (1.09) 26 (0.77) 73 (2.16) 78 (2.31) 351 (10.39)
4 CC-BY-NC-ND 247 (7.31) 398 (11.78) 253 (7.49) 347 (10.27) 193 (5.71) 1438 (42.56)
5 CC-BY-NC-SA 0 0 29 (0.86) 146 (4.32) 289 (8.55) 464 (13.73)
6 CC-BY-ND 100 (2.96) 34 (1.01) 29 (0.86) 8 (0.24) 4 (0.12) 175 (5.18)
7 CC-BY-SA 0 8 (0.24) 4 (0.12) 28 (0.83) 7 (0.21) 47 (1.39)
Total 487 (14.41) 702 (20.78) 365 (10.8) 920 (27.23) 905 (26.78) 3379 (100)