An Analysis of the Trends in the Arena of Cooperation by the International Research Cooperation Related Experts
Abstract
The International Research Cooperation Information Center has carried out a project to collect the DBs related to the international research cooperation information, and build an online service system. This study seeks to examine and understand the trends of international research cooperation by analyzing the data corresponding to the other international cooperation DBs such as symposium and seminar, which may be said to be the arena of cooperation by the international research cooperation related experts, among the international research cooperation information DBs collected by the International Research Cooperation Information Center. The other international cooperation DBs are divided into the international cooperation consortium, international cooperation symposium, international research cooperation seminar, international training program, international research cooperation workshop, and the international research cooperation equipment / facility. It seems that, based on the research results, it is necessary to hold international cooperation programs, seminars, and workshops, among others, with a focus on the themes to recover the trends of international cooperation as in the past, and recover from the pandemic situation. The results of this study may be utilized as the basic data for the researchers related to the international research cooperation, and furthermore, by analyzing various international research cooperation information DBs in a multi-faceted manner, the studies analyzing the research trends of international research cooperation by field, subject, and type may be conducted, and the facilitation of the international research cooperation in Korea is expected moving forward.
Keywords:
International Research, International Cooperation, International Research Cooperation Information Center, Symposium, Seminar, Program, Workshop, Equipment / Facility1. Introduction
In the era of globalization, each nation around the globe is elevating its expertise and diversity based on the international cooperation in each field such as politics, economy, and society. In particular, international research cooperation is a precondition to surviving in the unlimited global competition for conducting high level research beyond the restrictions of one's own resources and manpower. In Korea, while emphasizing the importance of scientific research for the production of knowledge for the technological development, policy efforts to strengthen the connection and the mutual cooperatio n among various innovative principals including universities, companies, governments, and research institutes are continuously carried out. Especially, emphasis is locationd on the need for an environment in which the scientific knowledge and information produced by the public sector research institutions, such as universities, research institutes, and government agencies, may be utilized for the technological development and the innovative production of companies (Donghoon Oh and Hyerin Ahn, 2009).
More than anything, in Korea, each ministry collects and manages the systematic collection, accumulation, management, and the distribution of task information and research performance information related to the national research and development projects in terms of task management. However, it is not only difficult to access and utilize it with ease from the perspective of consumers, but also, it was pointed out that the comprehensive preservation and management at the level of all ministries has not been properly carried out. Accordingly, through the National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS) of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and the National Research Information Center (NRIC) of the National Research Foundation of Korea, specialized research centers, projects, tasks, manpower, research facilities and equipments, and performance achievements, among other information on the national research and development projects began to be provided in a single location (website of the NTIS, https://www.ntis.go.kr).
However, the information of the institutions conducting the international research cooperation has not yet been collected in a single location, and instead, it is carried out in the unit of institution, and hence, there is a limit by which the consumers including the researchers who want the international research cooperation cannot search for the research cooperation information in a single location. It may be considered that there is hardly any information management on the research cooperation information and the information on research partners such as international research cooperation institutions of each government ministry, colleges and universities, and research institutes which actively conduct the international research cooperation. Therefore, the representative national institutions ought to systematically collect and manage them, induce the facilitation of their use, and devise the policies for their continued preservation.
Given such need, the International Research Cooperation Information Center is carrying out a project to collect the DBs related to the international research cooperation related information, and build an online service system. Among the international research cooperation information DBs collected by the International Research Cooperation Information Center, this study seeks to examine and understand the trends of international research cooperation by analyzing the data corresponding to the DBs related to symposiums and seminars, among others, which may be said to be the arena of cooperation by experts related to the international research cooperation.
The results of this study may be utilized as the basic data for the researchers related to the international research cooperation, and furthermore, by analyzing the various international research cooperation information DBs in a multi-faceted manner, the studies analyzing the international research cooperation research trends by field, topic, and type may be conducted, and the facilitation of the international research cooperation in Korea is expected moving forward.
2. Methodology
To achieve the purpose of this study, this study was conducted with the following research contents and methods. First, in the case of the international cooperation consortium, as specified by the project proposal, the DB was developed based on the 10 institutions of the Korea Brain Research Institute, Korea National Institute of Health of the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, APEC Research Center, Eone Diagnomics Genome Center, Hanbat National University, Korea Shipbuil ding & Marine Equipment Global Support Center, Korea Foundation, Korea International Trade Association, Chungnam National University, and the Worldwide Consortium of Korean Studies Center. The consortium DB was developed based on the institution specified in the business plan, and if the URL of the metafield is visited, the basic information about the consortium hosted by the institution is displayed as a default, based on which the required metafield may be prepared. In the case of the items specified as “Yes” or “Affirmative” in the metafield of “Classification of whether a file is attached,” inadequate information was searched in the relevant attachment files for development.
Second, in the case of the international cooperation symposium, a DB was developed by searching with the keyword of “international symposium” on the website of the National Library of Korea. Aside from which, DBs were developed via the symposiums hosted by the institutions provided in the list of DBs on some international cooperation institutions through the website of the relevant institution and Google search.
Third, in the case of the international research cooperation seminar, an international cooperation seminar was developed based on the institutions provided in the list of international cooperation institution DBs and the institutions specified in the business plan. Furthermore, if the URL specified in the metafield of “URL” is visited, the information on the required metafield can be searched. In the case of the items specified as “Yes” or “Affirmative” in the metafield of “Classification of whether a file is attached,” inadequate information was searched in the relevant attachment files for development.
Fourth, in the case of the international training program, a DB was developed by searching for such keywords as “international training” and “international training program” at Google. When the URL of the relevant international training program is visited, the basic information can be found, and in the case of the items specified as “Yes” or “Affirmative” in the metafield of “Classification of whether a file is attached,” inadequate information was searched in the relevant attachment files for development.
Fifth, in the case of the international research cooperation workshop, an international cooperation workshop DB was developed based on the institutions provided in the list of international cooperation institution DBs, and the institutions specified in the business plan.
First, how to build an international cooperation workshop DB may be explained by taking the “Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention” as an example. When the URL of the metafield is visited, the basic information on the workshop hosted by the institution is displayed as a default. Based on this information, the required metafield may be prepared. In the case of the items specified as “Yes” or “Affirmative” in the metafield of “Classification of whether a file is attached,” inadequate information was searched in the relevant attachment files for development.
Lastly, concerning the international research cooperation equipment / facility, in the 2012 Report on the Status Survey of Large Scale National Research Facilities by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, a total of 19 cases were discovered for the facilities at which international joint researches were conducted for 3 years from 2009 to 2011 (refer to Table 1). Based on that list, an international research cooperation equipment / facility DB was developed.
Procedures and Methods for the Development of Other DB on the International Research Cooperation
3. Theoretical Background
3.1 International Cooperation Consortium
As for the type of the international cooperation consortium (IR06-A), enter the consortium related information related to the international cooperation. The required fields are classified into the IR type code, IR detailed type code, proprietary number, classification of country, name of material / name of program, institution of issuance, year of publication, introduction, URL, host institution, and the presence or absence of the attachment files, while the optional fields were set to the name of meeting, date and time, and location, respectively. The explanation for each metafield of the international cooperation consortium is as follows.
Metafield of the International Cooperation Consortium
3.2 International Cooperation Symposium
As for the type of international cooperation symposium (IR06-B), enter the symposium related information related to the international cooperation. The required fields were set to the IR type code, IR detailed type code, proprietary number, classification of country, name of material / name of program, institution of issuance, year of publication, introduction, URL, date and time, and whether there are attached files. The explanation for each metafield of the international cooperation symposium is as follows.
Metafield of the International Cooperation Symposium
3.3 International Research Cooperation Seminar
As for the type of international research cooperation seminar (IR06-C), enter the information related to the international cooperation. The required fields were set to the IR type code, IR detailed type code, proprietary number, classification of country, name of material / name of program, institution of issuance, year of publication, introduction, URL, date and time, location, host institution, and the presence or absence of the attachment files. The explanation of each metafield of the international research cooperation seminar is as follows.
Metafield of the International Research Cooperation Seminar
3.4 International Training Program
As for the type of international training program (IR06-D), enter the information related to the training programs related to the international cooperation. The required fields were set to the IR type code, IR detailed type code, proprietary number, classification of country, name of material / name of program, institution of issuance, year of publication, introduction, URL, date and time, location, host institution, and the presence or absence of the attachment files. The explanation of each metafield of the international training program is as follows.
Metafield of the International Training Program
3.5 International Research Cooperation Workshop
As for the type of international research cooperation workshop (IR06-E), enter the information related to the international cooperation workshop. The required fields were set to the IR type code, IR detailed type code, proprietary number, classification of country, name of material / name of program, institution of issuance, year of publication, introduction, URL, date and time, location, host institution, and the presence or absence of the attachment files. The explanation for each metafield of the international research cooperation workshop is as follows.
Metafield of the International Research Cooperation Workshop
3.6 International Research Cooperation Equipment / Facility
As for the type of equipment / facility (IR06-F), enter the equipment / facility related information of the research institute related to the international cooperation. The required fields were set to the IR type code, IR detailed type code, proprietary number, classification of country, institution name, website, location, introduction of institution, target equipments (units), contents of international cooperation, and the address of the international cooperation list. It was set to the presence or absence of the attachment files. The explanation of each metafield of the international cooperation equipment / facility is as follows.
Metafield of the International Cooperation Equipment / Facility
4. Analytical Results
4.1 Equipment and Facility DB
As for the type of equipment / facility (IR06-F), the information related to the equipment / facility of the research institute related to the international cooperation was entered, and a total of 19 cases were collected. A brief examination of the statistically significant contents is as illustrated in Table 8. The 19 institutions of the collected installation and facility DB all correspond to such different institutions as the Korea Institute for Advanced Study and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, and the majority of those owning the equipments and facilities related to the international cooperation research turned out to be located in Daejeon (10 cases).
List of the Installation and Facility DBs
As for the target equipments, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute turned out to have the most with 330 units, and the average target equipments of 19 institutions turned out to be 25.32 units.
Target Equipments of the Installation and Facility DBs
Major keywords were verified by deriving the words of high frequency of emergence based on the “introduction of facility” concerning the installation and facilities, and Table 10 presented the top 60 words based on the frequency of emergency in the introduction of facility. The keywords of the highest frequency of emergence are “Institution (11 times),” “Establishment (10 times),” “Research (10 times),” “Development (8 times),” “Performance (8 times),” and “Country (7 times),” respectively.
Keywords and Frequency Related to the Introduction of the Equipment and Facility DB
However, such results which simply demonstrate the frequency are meaningful in that they demonstrate the overall keywords for the public who have almost no knowledge about the field, yet they are limited in that the meaning of the information delivered can only be limited for the professional readers.
When only the frequency of emergence of words is considered in the interpretation of the text mining results, the issue of measurement validity arises according to the characteristics of the document (Saehyeon Kim, 2018). In the case of the frequency of emergence, the most used words turned out to be in the order of institution, establishment, research, development, and performance. However, if they are applied for the analysis as they are, in order to address the issue of excessive interpretation for the formalistic or idiomatic expressions, the inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is calculated to evaluate the importance, and the unimportant words are excluded from the analysis. In this study, while the word of “institution” has been used 11 times, or the most, if education is mentioned across all of the documents, the importance of the word of “institution” would be decreased since it is a commonly used word. Whereas, the word of “nuclear power” is used less than the word of “institution” for a total of 4 times, yet if it is used intensively in some documents, the keyword of “nuclear power” may be considered to represent a specific topic.
Table 10 illustrates the frequency and the TF-IDF values of the top 30 words based on the frequency of emergence among the nouns extracted via the text mining. Among the top 30 words based on the frequency of emergence, the words with the lowest TF-IDF values turned out to be the research institute (4.5026), talent (4.5026), world (4.5026), solution (4.5026), vision (4.5026), synthesis (4.5026), intelligence (4.5026), industrial revolution (4.5026), convenience (4.5026), and the first (4.5026), among others, respectively.
4.2 Seminar DB
As for the type of seminar (IR06-C), the information related to the international cooperation seminar was entered, and a total of 409 cases were collected. A brief examination of the statistically significant contents is as illustrated in Table 11.
Classification of Countries of the Seminar DB
As a result of analyzing the international cooperation seminar countries, 345 cases were issued by a single country, while 64 cases were issued by two or more countries. In the case of issuance by a single country, it turned out that 305 cases were issued in the Republic of Korea, 10 cases were issued in the People’s Republic of China, 5 cases were issued in Singapore and Japan each, 3 cases were issued in the United States, and 2 cases were issued in Canada, Germany, Spain, and Hong Kong each, respectively. Since the Republic of Korea is at the center of cooperation, it has been examined that the most cases were issued in Korea, respectively.
Furthermore, if issued in two or more countries, 11 cases were issued in Korea and France, 7 cases in Korea, the US, and Korea and Russia, 4 in Korea and China, Korea and Japan, and Korea and Switzerland, 3 cases in Korea and the United Kingdom, and Korea, China, and Japan, and 2 cases in Korea and Germany, Korea and Sweden, and Korea and Singapore, respectively. While most were carried out jointly in Korea and other countries, there were also a material each published in cooperation by Japan and Brunei, Hong Kong and China, Vietnam and Thailand, and Malaysia and Australia, respectively.
As a result of analyzing the international cooperation seminar database institutions of issuance, 88 cases were issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 28 by the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 22 by the Korea Educational Development Institute, 16 by the Korea Maritime Institute, 12 by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 10 by the National Statistical Office, 9 by the Korea Energy Economics Institute, 8 by Seoul National University, and 7 by the Korea Transport Institute, respectively. Furthermore, 1 case emerged for each of the 133 institutions including the ASEM, DGIST, DIP, GDI, GIST, and the KIET.
Institutions of Issuance of the Seminar DB
As a result of analyzing the number of institutions hosting the international cooperation seminars, it turned out that the highest number of cases was 270 cases carried out by a single institution alone, while 106 cases were jointly carried out by two institutions, and 21 cases were carried out jointly by three institutions, respectively.
Other DB Seminars of the International Research Cooperation – Number of Host Institutions
As a result of analyzing the year of issuance of the 409 cases of the international cooperation seminars, it seems that the most international cooperation seminars were held in 2016 with 39 cases, and the number fell steeply to 3 cases in 2020, most likely due to the influence of the COVID-19 overall.
Number of the Years of Hosting and Issuance for the Seminar DB
Number of the Years of Hosting and Issuance for the Seminar DB
Keywords for the introduction of the international cooperation seminar were derived and analyzed. To examine which keywords emerged the most, the frequency of the emergence of keywords was examined. This is a frequency table illustrating the top 30 keywords which emerged in this manner.
As a result of the analysis, among the keywords which emerged for the introduction of international research cooperation and other programs, the keywords with a high frequency of emergence were seminar (359), discussion (127), expert (125), Korea (114), hosting (111), topic (109), proceeding (82), plan (75), cooperation (72), seeking (70), and presentation (61), among others, respectively.
In Table 15, the keywords with a high frequency of emergence were derived based on the introduction of the international cooperation seminar, and major keywords were verified. However, such results, which simply demonstrate with a focus on the frequency, are meaningful in that they demonstrate the overall keywords to the public who have almost no knowledge about the field. Yet, they are limited in that the meaning of the information delivered is restricted for the professional readers.
Analysis of the Keywords for the Introduction of Seminar
When only the frequency of the emergence of words is considered in the interpretation of the text mining results, the issue of measurement validity arises according to the characteristics of the document (Saehyeon Kim, 2018). In the case of the frequency of emergence, it turned out that the most used words were program, Korea, case, field, health insurance, policy, education, and country. However, if they are applied for the analysis as they are, in order to address the issue of excessive interpretation for the formalistic or idiomatic expressions, the inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is calculated to evaluate the importance, and the unimportant words are excluded from the analysis. In this study, while the word of “seminar” has been used 359 times, or the most, the importance of the word of “seminar” would be decreased since it is a word pertaining to the seminar DB. Whereas, the word of “Korea” is used less than the word of “program” for a total of 114 times, yet if it is used intensively in some documents, the keyword of “Korea” may be considered to represent a specific topic.
Table 16 illustrates the frequency and the TF-IDF values of the top 40 words based on the frequency of emergence among the nouns extracted via the text mining. They turned out to be world (98.27), debate (97.52), member country (96.50), direction (93.51), future (88.57), international seminar (86.71), response (86.18), invitation (85.21), Germany (82.70), energy (82.70), development (82.63), development (80.66), and experience (79.47), respectively.
Frequency and TF-IDF of the Emergence of Keywords for the Seminar DB. Based on the Top 40 Words
4.3 Consortium DB
As for the type of the international cooperation consortium (IR06-A), the consortium related information related to the international cooperation was collected, and a total of 14 consortiums were collected. In the case of the consortiums related to the international cooperation, the largest amount of information hosted in Korea (7 cases) was collected. However, in the case of the host countries, they turned out to be the Netherlands, Korea, the United States, Vietnam, France, Finland, the Philippines, and Vietnam, among others, respectively.
Classification of Countries for the Consortium DB
Location of the Consortium DB
Most of such international cooperation consortiums were hosted and proceeded by a single institution (12 cases).
Host Institution of the Consortium DB
Based on the “introduction” of the international cooperation consortium, the words with a high frequency of emergence were derived, and major keywords were verified. Table 20 illustrates a summary of the keywords which emerge frequently in the introduction of the consortium. The keywords with a highest frequency of emergence turned out to be “research (10 times),” “consortium (7 times),” “ocean (4 times),” “genom (4 times),” “university (4 times),” and “information (3 times),” among others, respectively.
Frequency and TF-IDF of the Emergence of Keywords for the Consortium DB. Based on the Top 40 Words
Meanwhile, the TF-IDF values were verified to reduce the importance of the clichés which frequently emerge in all of the DBs. Among the top 40 words based on frequency of emergence, the words with the lowest TF-IDF values turned out to be stakeholder (3.8918), network (3.8918), specialization (3.8918), structure (3.8918), North America (3.8918), education (3.8918), and cooperation (3.8918), among others, respectively.
4.4 Program DB
As for the type of program (IR06-D), the information related to the international cooperation program was entered, and a total of 21 cases were collected. A brief examination of the statistically significant contents is as illustrated in Table 21.
Number of the Countries of Program Cooperation
As a result of analyzing the countries cooperating with Korea for the international cooperation program, they turned out to be 7 countries in Asia (Pakistan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Laos, and across Asia, etc.), 5 others (worldwide and developing countries, etc.), 3 countries in South America (Colombia, Latin America, Peru), 2 in Africa (Jordan), and 2 countries in Asia Pacific, among others, respectively. The cooperation with Asian countries turned out to be high, and the program cooperation and exchanges with North America and Europe turned out to be rather low.
As a result of analyzing the number of institutions of issuance proceeding with the international cooperation program, they turned out to be 7 for the KOICA, which is an international cooperation institution, 3 for the Science and Technology Policy Institute, and 2 for Korea International Cooperation Agency and the Ministry of Health and Welfare each, among others, respectively.
Number of the Institutions of Issuance for the Program DB
The keywords for the introduction of international cooperation program were derived and analyzed. To examine which keywords emerged the most, the frequency of the emergence of keywords was examined. This is the frequency table demonstrating the top 30 selected amnog the keywords emerged in such manner.
As a result of the analysis, among the keywords which emerged in the introduction of international research cooperation and other programs, the keywords with a high frequency of emergence turned out to be program (12 times), Korea (8 times), case (6 times), field, health insurance, policy, education, and country (5 times each), among others, respectively. Accordingly, it was verified that such keywords as health insurance, policy, and education were frequently mentioned except for the words of program, case, and field. Furthermore, among the top 30, e-government, developing country, public official, expert, share, oriental medicine, cooperation, research, science and technology policy, and training program, among others, were verified.
In Table 23, the keywords a high frequency of emergence were derived based on the program introduction for the international cooperation program, and major keywords were verified. However, such results, which simply demonstrate with a focus on the frequency, are meaningful in that they demonstrate the overall keywords to the public who have almost no knowledge about the field. Yet, they are limited in that the meaning of the information delivered is restricted for the professional readers.
Analysis of the Keywords for the Introduction of Program
When only the frequency of the emergence of words is considered in the interpretation of the text mining results, the issue of measurement validity arises according to the characteristics of the document (Saehyeon Kim, 2018). In the case of the frequency of emergence, it turned out that the most used words were program, Korea, case, field, health insurance, policy, education, and country, among others, respectively. However, if they are applied for the analysis as they are, in order to address the issue of excessive interpretation for the formalistic or idiomatic expressions, the inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is calculated to evaluate the importance, and the unimportant words are excluded from the analysis. In this study, while the word of “program” has been used 12 times, or the most, the importance of the word of “program” would be decreased since it is a word commonly used. Whereas, the word of “health insurance” is used less than the word of “program” for a total of 5 times, yet if it is used intensively in some documents, the keyword of “health insurance” may be considered to represent a specific topic.
Table 24 illustrates the frequency and the TF-IDF values of the top 40 words based on the frequency of emergence among the nouns extracted via the text mining. Among the top 40 words based on the frequency of emergence, the words associated with the low TF-IDF values turned out to be invitation, proceeding, share, experience, purpose, understanding, and cooperation with 5.838 each, respectively.
Frequency and TF-IDF of the Emergence of Keywords for the Program DB. Based on the Top 40 Words
4.5 Workshop DB
As for the type of workshop (IR06-E), the information related to the international cooperation program was entered, and a total of 36 cases were collected. A brief examination of the statistically significant contents is as illustrated in Table 25.
Number of the Institutions of Issuance for the Workshop DB
As a result of analyzing the number of the institutions of issuance carrying out the international cooperation workshops, 7 were by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, which is an international cooperation institution, 5 by the National Statistical Office and the National Research Foundation of Korea, 4 by the Korea Maritime Institute, and 3 by the Korea Maritime Science Joint Research Center and the State Oceanic Administration of China each, among others, respectively.
As a result of analyzing the countries cooperating with Korea for the international cooperation program, 7 were with China, 2 with the East Asia, China, and South America each, and 10 with the others, among others, respectively. It turned out that most of the workshop programs were operated in cooperation with two or more countries, rather than cooperating with only a single country.
Number of the Countries Cooperating on Workshop
The keywords for the introduction of the international cooperation program were derived and analyzed. To examine which keywords emerged the most, the frequency of the emergence of keywords was examined. This is the frequency table illustrating the top 30 keywords which emerged in such manner.
As a result of the analysis, among the keywords which emerged in the introduction of international research cooperation and other programs, the keywords with a high frequency of emergence turned out to be workshop (27), presentation (17), topic (15), expert (14), research (13), and proceeding (12), and cooperation (11), among others, respectively. Besides which, such words as marine science and technology, arctic, ocean, and marine environment emerged frequently, which is verified to be due to the inclusion of the institutions which issued the workshop DBs such as the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime Institute, and the Korea Maritime Science Joint Research Center, respectively.
In Table 27, the keywords with a high frequency of emergence were derived based on the program introduction for the international cooperation program, and major keywords were verified. However, such results, which simply demonstrate with a focus on the frequency, are meaningful in that they demonstrate the overall keywords to the public who have almost no knowledge about the field. Yet, they are limited in that the meaning of the information delivered is restricted for the professional readers.
Introduction of the Workshop DB
When only the frequency of the emergence of words is considered in the interpretation of the text mining results, the issue of measurement validity arises according to the characteristics of the document (Saehyeon Kim, 2018). In the case of the frequency of emergence, it turned out that the most used words were workshop, presentation, topic, expert, research, and progress, among others, respectively. However, if they are applied for the analysis as they are, in order to address the issue of excessive interpretation for the formalistic or idiomatic expressions, the inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is calculated to evaluate the importance, and the unimportant words are excluded from the analysis. In this study, while the word of “workshop” has been used 27 times, or the most, the importance of the word of “workshop” would be decreased since it is a word which provides a foundation fo the relevant database. Whereas, the word of “arctic” is used less than the word of “workshop” for a total of 7 times, yet if it is used intensively in some documents, the keyword of “workshop” may be considered to represent a specific topic.
Table 28 illustrates the frequency and the TF-IDF values of the top 40 words based on the frequency of emergence among the nouns extracted via the text mining. Among the top 40 words based on the frequency of emergence, the words with the lowest TF-IDF values turned out to be technology (10.75), share (10.75), change (9.94), current status (9.94), joint (9.94), development (9.87), and country (9.87), among others, respectively.
Frequency and TF-IDF of the Emergence of Keywords for the Workshop DB. Based on the Top 40 Words
4.6 Symposium DB
As for the type of international cooperation symposium, the information related to symposium related to the international cooperation was collected, and a total of 950 cases were developed. In the case of the international cooperation related consortium collected, the most information hosted in Korea (831 cases) was collected, with 864 cases focused on a single country, while 80 cases were surveyed for the classification of two or more countries.
Classification of Country for the Symposium DB
Most of such international cooperation consortiums were hosted and proceeded by a single institution (712 cases).
Host Institutions for the Consortium DB
In the case of the international cooperation symposium, as a result of analyzing the year of issuance for the remaining 574 cases excluding the 370 cases of non-entry, it seems that the most international cooperation symposiums were held in 2019 with 80 cases, and the number fell steeply to 10 cases in 2020, most likely due to the influence of the COVID-19 overall.
Year of Issuance for the Symposium DB
Based on the “introduction of institutions” for the international cooperation symposium, the words with a high frequency of emergence were derived, and major keywords were verified. Table 31 illustrates a summary of the key words which emerge frequently in the introduction of symposium. The keywords with a highest frequency of emergence turned out to be “symposium (779 times),” “topic (226 times),” “discussion (191 times),” “presentation (183 times),” “host (182 times),” “expert (179 times),” and “proceeding (173 times),” among others, respectively.
Keywords and Frequency Related to the Introduction of the Symposium DB
Meanwhile, the TF-IDF values were verified to reduce the importance of the clichés which frequently emerge in all of the DBs. Among the top 40 words based on the frequency of emergence, the words with the lowest TF-IDF values turned out to be topic (341.62), presentation (311.77), host (310.07), discussion (309.25), proceeding (308.50), expert (303.91), and research. (285.49), among others, respectively.
5. Discussion
In the case of the international cooperation DB, the programs and workshops were hosted to introduce or educate on the social and cultural characteristics, policies, and development directions for Korea’s policies, technology, education, and research via cooperation with the Asian region and developing countries, among others.
As a trend of the international cooperation related to the equipment / facility, the average number of target equipments turned out to be 25.32 units, and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute turned out to be carrying out the most equipment / facility related cooperation with 330 points, respectively. In particular, it turned out that most of the institutions carrying out the international cooperation in connection with equipment / facility are located in Daejeon.
Examining the trends of the international cooperation for the consortium DB, they turned out to be research, consortium, ocean, and genom, among others, and through which, it is apparent that the fields of consortium hosted via international cooperation are ocean, genom, cancer, disease, and communication, among others. Meanwhile, in the case of the symposiums hosted via international cooperation, one was hosted by a single institution, and it turned out that it was hosted the most in 2019. Furthermore, as a result of analyzing the current status of recent seminars, a trend of 20 to 30 seminars were demonstrated consistently, yet only 3 were hosted in 2020, respectively. Because of the COVID-19 situation, no face-to-face seminar would have been allowed, and difficulties in carrying out exchanges with the international community must have been apparent. There is also a possibility that the atmosphere of concentrating on the domestic situation rather than pursuing cooperation with the international community to break through the COVID-19 may have been predominant.
Accordingly, it would be necessary to host international cooperation programs, seminars, and workshops, among others, with a focus on the topics to restore the trend of international cooperation as in the past, and also recover from the pandemic situation.
6. Conclusion and Recommendation
In this study, the international research cooperation and other DB workshops, programs, consortiums, equipments and facilities, symposium, institutions of seminar DB, introduction, and the current status of national cooperation, among others, which were developed for approximately 4 years since 2017, were analyzed. While there were differences in the analysis according to the characteristics of each database, the analysis was mainly conducted to derive keywords via the text mining analysis of cooperative institutions or the number of institutions, host institutions (institution of issuance), cooperative countries, year of issuance, and each DB introduction. The results of the analysis for each DB are as follows.
First, as a result of analyzing the current status of the type of equipment / facility DB, the equipment / facility related information of the research institutes related to the international cooperation was entered, and a total of 19 cases were collected. They were retained by the Korea Institute for Advanced Study and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, among others, and the most of those owning the equipments and facilities turned out to be located in Daejeon (10 cases). In the case of target equipments, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute had the highest score of 330 points, and the average target equipment was 25.32 units, respectively. While the word of “institution” is used the most for 11 times, the word of “nuclear power” is used 4 times across all documents, which is less than the word of “institution,” yet if it is used intensively in some documents, the keyword of “nuclear power” turned out to represent a specific topic.
Second, as a result of analyzing the current status of the international cooperation seminar, the countries which hosted the international cooperation seminar turned out to be such various countries as Korea, China, Singapore, Japan, the United States, Canada, Germany, Spain, Hong Kong, and Switzerland, among others, respectively. In particular, in the case of jointly hosting, France turned out to have the most with 11 cases. Furthermore, as a result of analyzing the institutions of issuance of the international cooperation seminar database, it turned out that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs had 88, the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy had 28, and the Korea Educational Development Institute had 22, among others, respectively. It also seems that 39 cases, or the most, were hosted in 2016 where the international cooperation seminar was hosted, and the number fell steeply to 3 cases in 2020, most likely due to the influence of the COVID-19 overall.
Third, as a result of analyzing the current status of consortium types, a total of 14 consortiums were collected. The keywords with a highest frequency of emergence turned out to be “research (10 times),” “consortium (7 times),” “marine (4 times),” “genom (4 times),” “university (4 times),” and “information (3 times),” among others, respectively.
Fourth, as a result of analyzing the current status of the international cooperation program, and as a result of analyzing the countries cooperating with Korea, the cooperation with Asian countries turned out to be high, and the program’s cooperative exchanges with North America and Europe turned out to be somewhat low. As a result of analyzing the number of institutions of issuance which proceed with the program, the KOICA, which an international cooperation institution, has 7, the Science and Technology Policy Institute has 3, and the Korea International Cooperation Agency and the Ministry of Health and Welfare have 2 each, respectively. Furthermore, while the word of “program” is used for 12 times, or the most, the importance of the word of “program” is decreasing because it is a commonly used word. Whereas, the word of “health insurance” is used less than the word of “program” for a total of 5 times, yet if it is used intensively in some documents, the keyword of “health insurance” may be considered to represent a specific topic.
Fifth, as a result of analyzing the status of international cooperation workshop, it turned out that most of the workshop programs were operated in cooperation with two or more countries rather than with only a single country. While the word of “workshop” is used for 27 times, or the most, it may considered that the importance of the word of “workshop” is decreasing because it is a word which provides the foundation for the relevant database. Where, the word of “arctic” is used less than the word of “workshop” for a total of 7 times, yet if it is used intensively in some documents, the keyword of “workshop” may be considered to represent a specific topic.
Sixth, as for the type of international cooperation symposium, the symposium related information related to the international cooperation was collected, and a total of 950 cases were developed. In the case of the international cooperation related consortium collected, the most information hosted in Korea (831 cases) was collected, with 864 cases focused on a single country, while 80 cases were surveyed for the classification of two or more countries. In the case of the international cooperation symposium, as a result of analyzing the year of issuance for the 574 cases, the most international cooperation symposiums were hosted in 2019 with 80 cases, and they would most likely have been influenced by the COVID-19 overall. Furthermore, the keywords with a highest frequency of emergence turned out to be “symposium (779 times),” “topic (226 times),” “discussion (191 times),” “presentation (183 times),” “host (182 times),” “expert (179 times),” and “proceeding (173 times),” among others, respectively.
Therefore, the level of cooperation across the international research cooperation seminars, workshops, consortiums, technology, and programs, among others, is still low for the 20 years of international research cooperation, and hence, Korea would need to strengthen its overall capabilities for the international cooperation by facilitating the international research cooperation moving forward. Further more, since advanced countries in the west are central to the international research cooperation, to strengthen the international research cooperation with and for the developing countries including Asian countries in the future, conferences would need to be hosted and education would also need to be provided in connection with the provision of incentives for the researchers of advanced countries to share the information and technology with East Asian countries or developing countries, as well as the contribution they can make to helping address the economic inequity across the world, among others.
It is expected that the results of this study may be utilized as the basic data for examining and understanding the current status of the international research cooperation by country across the fields such as consortium, workshop, seminar, and program, among others, and making contribution to facilitating the international technology cooperation and the international research cooperation for Korea and developing countries moving forward.
References
- Oh, D. H., & Ahn, Y. R. (2009). Analysis of the Current Status of International Science and Technology Cooperation and Measures to strengthen strategic International Cooperation, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation, ISSUE PAPER 05.
- Park, J. Y., & Suh, C. W. (2015). Analysis of Changes in the Housing Market Using TF-IDF Weight Model. Korea Real Estate Academy Review, 63(3), 46-58. http://lps3.kiss16.kstudy.com.libproxy.jnu.ac.kr/kiss6/download_viewer.asp
- Website of Textom. (n.d.). http://www.textom.co.kr, .
Younghee Noh has an MA and PhD In Library and Information Science from Yonsei University, Seoul. She has published more than 50 books, including 3 books awarded as Outstanding Academic Books by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Government) and more than 120 papers, including one selected as a Featured Article by the Informed Librarian Online in February 2012. She was listed in the Marquis Who’s Who in the World in 2012-2016 and Who’s Who in Science and Engineering in 2016-2017. She received research excellence awards from both Konkuk University (2009) and Konkuk University Alumni (2013) as well as recognition by “the award for Teaching Excellence” from Konkuk University in 2014. She received research excellence awards form ‘Korean Y. Noh and Y. Shin International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology Vol.9, No.3, 75-101 (September 2019) 101 Library and Information Science Society’ in 2014. One of the books she published in 2014, was selected as ‘Outstanding Academic Books’ by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in 2015. She received the Awards for Professional Excellence as Asia Library Leaders from Satija Research Foundation in Library and Information Science (India) in 2014. She has been a Chief Editor of World Research Journal of Library and Information Science in Mar 2013 ~ Feb 2016. Since 2004, she has been a Professor in the Department of Library and Information Science at Konkuk University, where she teaches courses in Metadata, Digital Libraries, Processing of Internet Information Resources, and Digital Contents.
Ji-Yoon Ro has MA in Library & Information Science from Chung-Ang University, Seoul. She is Researcher of the Institute of Knowledge Content Development & Technology. She has published one book, and seven articles, and has participated in five projects relevant to the library. Also, she is now PhD Student in Department of Library & Information Science at the Konkuk University in Korea. Her works focus specifically on Sharing Economy, Social Economy, Knowledge Sharing, Blockchain and Library, Cooperative Networks, Social Informatics, and Urban Regeneration and Library. Ji-Yoon Ro is the corresponding author and can be contacted at: rojyliv@gmail.com
Woojung Kwak is the researcher of the Institute of Knowledge Content Development & Technology.She has published 1 books, and 13 articles, and has participated in 14 projects relevant to the library and information science. Also, she is now the Ph.D. candidate at the department of Library & Information Science, Konkuk University in Korea. Her works focus specifically on curation, digital curation, specialized library, and Humanities and Social Assets. Email: woojung2243@gmail.com