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[ Article ] | |
International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology - Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 85-103 | |
ISSN: 2234-0068 (Print) 2287-187X (Online) | |
Print publication date Jun 2016 | |
Received 22 Oct 2015 Revised 10 Nov 2015 Accepted 11 Nov 2015 | |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5865/IJKCT.2016.6.1.085 | |
A Global Analysis of Open Access Books: A Study Based on Directory of Open Access Books | |
Sadagopan Dhanavandan*
| |
*Assistant Librarian, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, India (dhanavandan@gmail.com) | |
The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) provides a searchable index peer-reviewed monographs and edited volumes published under an Open Access business model, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher’s website or repository. This paper discusses a global analysis of open access books, which are available in the Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB). The data was collected from the open access directory at http://www.doabooks.org / on 20th October 2015. In total 3379 books are listed as available on the directory; the first and second books were published in 1866 and 1867 respectively. After 1962, the publication of books, increased gradually and the greatest number of books more than 300, was published in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Nearly 47 percent of the books (1584) were published in the English language only.
Keywords: Open Access, Directory of Open Access Books, Year of Publication, Added on DOAB, Licenses |
In the 20th century, the library was opened for public use. After the development of Information and Communication Technology, things changed; electronic documents were made available to everybody with the help of the Internet. The creation of the Internet meant accessing anything, anywhere without boundaries that could be stored in a network around the world. It allowed for the access to both public and private material with the help of technology. Nowadays, content from every known subject area and matter can be put on the Internet for the public to see.
The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) is a discovery service for Open Access monographs (Snijder, 2012). DOAB provides a searchable index for peer-reviewed monographs and edited volumes published under an Open Access business model, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher’s website or repository. Academic publishers are invited to provide the metadata of their Open Access books to DOAB1. Metadata is harvestable in order to maximize dissemination, visibility and impact. Aggregators can integrate the records in their commercial services and libraries can integrate the directory into their online catalogues, thereby helping scholars, students and the general public to discover the books. DOAB is open to all academic publishers: The directory aims to cover all subject areas and all languages and attempts to contain as many books as possible.
The framed objectives are:
Harnad (2004) studied the research on the impact when problems arise because journal articles are not accessible to all of the would-be users, and if the articles are losing potential research impact. Open Access articles have significantly higher citation impact than non-OA articles. There are two roads to OA: the “golden” road and the “green” road. Only 5% of journals are gold, but over 90% are already green yet only about 20% of articles have been self-archived. To reach 100% OA, self-archiving needs to be mandated by researchers' employers and funders, as the United Kingdom and the United States have recently recommended, and universities need to implement that mandate.
Unofficially it has been operating since 2011 and its beta version was launched in 2012. The DOAB is a service of the Open Access Publishing in European Networks (OAPEN) Foundation. The OAPEN Foundation is an international initiative dedicated to open access monograph publishing, based at the National Library, The Hague (Ferwerda, Snijder, & Adema, 2013). The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) was officially launched in July 2013 at the Open Access Monographs in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conference at the British Library in London.
Singh (2014) studied the role of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) in the open access movement with respect to DOAJ and OpenDOAR. He analyses the contribution of BRICS to DOAJ and OpenDOAR by country, year, language, and subject. Brazil and India are the leading nations in BRICS in the open access movement in DOAJ. Similarly, these two Countries are ahead of the rest with respect to the contribution of open access repositories to OpenDOAR.
Loan (2015) found that 307 e-books are available on science and technology through DOAB falling in three categories–monographs (209, 68.08%), book series (93, 30.29%) and conference proceedings (5, 1.63%). These e-books deal with eight major subject areas of Science and Technology having 36 sub-fields.
This study discusses a global analysis of the Open Access Books which are available in the Directory Open Access Books (DOAB). The data was collected from the open access directory at http://www.doabooks.org/ on 20th October 2015. It was analyzed by simple percentage and chi-square test using SPSS.
Table 1 indicates the author wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. Based on the available data, in total 3379 books are available as of 20.10.2015. Among the 3379, 13 (0.38%) books were authored by Goebl, Hans and he is in the first position, 12 (0.36%) books were authored by Benchimol, Jaime Larry (org.) / SA Magali Romero (org.) and this in the second position and 10 (0.30%) books were authored by Lal V., Brij who occupies the third position. Further it is revealed from the table, equally four books were published by 28 authors, three books by 26, two by 141 authors and that single book were published by 2862 authors. It is concluded that out of 3379, 21 books did not mention their authors in the directory.
Sl.No. | Name of Authors | No.of Books | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Not Mentioned | 21 | 0.62 |
2 | Goebl, Hans | 13 | 0.38 |
3 | Benchimol, Jaime Larry (org.); SÃ Magali Romero (org.) | 12 | 0.36 |
4 | Lal V., Brij | 10 | 0.30 |
5 | Leopold Lambert | 8 | 0.24 |
6 | Claudine Tiercelin | 7 | 0.21 |
7 | Rodrigues, Leôncio Martins | 7 | 0.21 |
8 | aa.vv | 6 | 0.18 |
9 | Coester-Waltjen, Dagmar; Lipp, Volker; Schumann, Eva; Veit, Barbara | 6 | 0.18 |
10 | Garnaut, Ross; Song, Ligang | 6 | 0.18 |
11 | Grau, Luis | 6 | 0.18 |
12 | Jacques Bouveresse | 6 | 0.18 |
13 | Sorj, Bernardo | 6 | 0.18 |
14 | Fundasao Oswaldo Cruz | 5 | 0.15 |
15 | Lopes, Juarez Rubens Brandão | 5 | 0.15 |
16 | Zorzi, Andrea | 5 | 0.15 |
17 | Equally Four books by 7 Authors | 28 | 0.84 |
18 | Equally Three books by 26 Authors | 78 | 2.31 |
19 | Equally Two books by 141 Authors | 282 | 8.35 |
20 | Each Single Books by 2862 Authors | 2862 | 84.70 |
Total | 3379 | 100 |
Table 2 indicates the publication year wise distribution of books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. During the period of 1866 to 2015 in total 3379 books are listed as available on the directory; the first and second books were published in 1866 and 1867 respectively. During the years 1867 to 1927 the publishers no books published were made available in open access. After the year 1962 there is a gradual increase in the publication of books. From the year 2006, more than 100 books were published every year. The maximum number of books i.e., more than 300 were published in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014. It is evident from the table that, the maximum number of books, 394 was published in 2014.
Sl.No. | Year | No.of Books | Percentage | Cumulative Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1866 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
2 | 1867 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
3 | 1927 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.09 |
4 | 1931 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
5 | 1932 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
6 | 1940 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.18 |
7 | 1950 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.21 |
8 | 1952 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.24 |
9 | 1956 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.27 |
10 | 1962 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.3 |
11 | 1963 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.33 |
12 | 1964 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.36 |
13 | 1965 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.42 |
14 | 1967 | 3 | 0.09 | 0.51 |
15 | 1968 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.54 |
16 | 1972 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.57 |
17 | 1973 | 4 | 0.12 | 0.69 |
18 | 1974 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.75 |
19 | 1975 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.78 |
20 | 1976 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.84 |
21 | 1977 | 3 | 0.09 | 0.93 |
22 | 1978 | 3 | 0.09 | 1.02 |
23 | 1979 | 1 | 0.03 | 1.05 |
24 | 1981 | 1 | 0.03 | 1.08 |
25 | 1982 | 2 | 0.06 | 1.14 |
26 | 1983 | 1 | 0.03 | 1.17 |
27 | 1984 | 1 | 0.03 | 1.2 |
28 | 1985 | 6 | 0.18 | 1.38 |
29 | 1986 | 4 | 0.12 | 1.5 |
30 | 1987 | 2 | 0.06 | 1.56 |
31 | 1988 | 1 | 0.03 | 1.59 |
32 | 1989 | 4 | 0.12 | 1.71 |
33 | 1991 | 2 | 0.06 | 1.77 |
34 | 1992 | 6 | 0.18 | 1.95 |
35 | 1993 | 9 | 0.27 | 2.22 |
36 | 1994 | 13 | 0.38 | 2.6 |
37 | 1995 | 19 | 0.56 | 3.16 |
38 | 1996 | 16 | 0.47 | 3.63 |
39 | 1997 | 24 | 0.71 | 4.34 |
40 | 1998 | 20 | 0.59 | 4.93 |
41 | 1999 | 27 | 0.80 | 5.73 |
42 | 2000 | 25 | 0.74 | 6.47 |
43 | 2001 | 43 | 1.27 | 7.74 |
44 | 2002 | 57 | 1.69 | 9.43 |
45 | 2003 | 123 | 3.64 | 13.07 |
46 | 2004 | 90 | 2.66 | 15.73 |
47 | 2005 | 86 | 2.55 | 18.28 |
48 | 2006 | 148 | 4.38 | 22.66 |
49 | 2007 | 125 | 3.70 | 26.36 |
50 | 2008 | 246 | 7.28 | 33.64 |
51 | 2009 | 298 | 8.82 | 42.46 |
52 | 2010 | 309 | 9.14 | 51.6 |
53 | 2011 | 273 | 8.08 | 59.68 |
54 | 2012 | 362 | 10.71 | 70.39 |
55 | 2013 | 381 | 11.28 | 81.67 |
56 | 2014 | 394 | 11.66 | 93.33 |
57 | 2015 | 211 | 6.24 | 99.57 |
58 | Not Mentioned | 15 | 0.43 | 100.00 |
Total | 3379 | 100.00 |
Table 3 shows the year wise books added in open access books in the Directory of Open Access Books. During the period of 1866 to 2015 totally 3379 books were published, the books were added in the Directory from 2011 onwards. Out of 3379, 487 (14.41%) books were added in November 2011, but after March 2012 every month the minimum number of books were added regularly. The reason behind that is the awareness of open access among the users community. It is revealed from the table that, more than 200 books were added the following years April 2012, June 2012 and May 2015.
Sl.No. | Added on DOAB | No.of Books | Percentage | Cumulative Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2015 October | 11 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
2 | 2015 September | 82 | 2.43 | 2.75 |
3 | 2015 August | 38 | 1.12 | 3.88 |
4 | 2015 July | 53 | 1.57 | 5.45 |
5 | 2015 June | 107 | 3.17 | 8.61 |
6 | 2015 May | 278 | 8.23 | 16.84 |
7 | 2015 April | 35 | 1.04 | 17.88 |
8 | 2015 March | 25 | 0.74 | 18.61 |
9 | 2015 February | 29 | 0.86 | 19.47 |
10 | 2015 January | 247 | 7.31 | 26.78 |
11 | 2014 December | 55 | 1.63 | 28.41 |
12 | 2014 November | 41 | 1.21 | 29.62 |
13 | 2014 October | 126 | 3.73 | 33.35 |
14 | 2014 September | 29 | 0.86 | 34.21 |
15 | 2014 August | 81 | 2.40 | 36.61 |
16 | 2014 July | 62 | 1.83 | 38.44 |
17 | 2014 June | 115 | 3.40 | 41.85 |
18 | 2014 May | 38 | 1.12 | 42.97 |
19 | 2014 April | 22 | 0.65 | 43.62 |
20 | 2014 March | 106 | 3.14 | 46.76 |
21 | 2014 February | 164 | 4.85 | 51.61 |
22 | 2014 January | 81 | 2.40 | 54.01 |
23 | 2013 December | 14 | 0.41 | 54.42 |
24 | 2013 November | 20 | 0.59 | 55.02 |
25 | 2013 October | 21 | 0.62 | 55.64 |
26 | 2013 September | 93 | 2.75 | 58.39 |
27 | 2013 August | 8 | 0.24 | 58.63 |
28 | 2013 July | 16 | 0.47 | 59.10 |
29 | 2013 June | 7 | 0.21 | 59.31 |
30 | 2013 May | 34 | 1.01 | 60.31 |
31 | 2013 April | 18 | 0.53 | 60.85 |
32 | 2013 March | 122 | 3.61 | 64.46 |
33 | 2013 February | 11 | 0.33 | 64.78 |
34 | 2013 January | 1 | 0.03 | 64.81 |
35 | 2012 December | 4 | 0.12 | 64.93 |
36 | 2012 November | 36 | 1.07 | 66.00 |
37 | 2012 October | 5 | 0.15 | 66.14 |
38 | 2012 September | 34 | 1.01 | 67.15 |
39 | 2012 August | 40 | 1.18 | 68.33 |
40 | 2012 July | 34 | 1.01 | 69.34 |
41 | 2012 June | 202 | 5.98 | 75.32 |
42 | 2012 May | 26 | 0.77 | 76.09 |
43 | 2012 April | 223 | 6.60 | 82.69 |
44 | 2012 March | 98 | 2.90 | 85.59 |
45 | 2011 November | 487 | 14.41 | 100.00 |
Total | 3379 | 100.00 |
Table 4 indicates the language wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. Among the 3379, 1584 (46.88%) books were published in English, 387 (11.45%) in Portuguese and 337 (9.67%) books were published in French, but 321 (9.50%) books did not mention the language of publication in the respective sources. It is revealed from the table, single books only were published in the following languages like Welsh, Swedish, Russian and Espanola.
Sl.No. | Languages | No.of Books | Percentage | Cumulative Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | English | 1584 | 46.88 | 46.88 |
2 | Portuguese | 387 | 11.45 | 58.33 |
3 | French | 337 | 9.97 | 68.30 |
4 | Not Mentioned | 321 | 9.50 | 77.80 |
5 | Dutch | 269 | 7.96 | 85.77 |
6 | German | 221 | 6.54 | 92.31 |
7 | Italian | 105 | 3.11 | 95.41 |
8 | Spanish | 96 | 2.84 | 98.25 |
9 | Dutch/English | 13 | 0.38 | 98.64 |
10 | Dutch/Italian/rm | 13 | 0.38 | 99.02 |
11 | English/French | 4 | 0.12 | 99.14 |
12 | Czech | 3 | 0.09 | 99.23 |
13 | Dutch/Latin/English | 2 | 0.06 | 99.29 |
14 | German/English | 2 | 0.06 | 99.35 |
15 | Italian/English | 2 | 0.06 | 99.41 |
16 | Spagnolo | 2 | 0.06 | 99.47 |
17 | ar | 1 | 0.03 | 99.50 |
18 | Dutch/English/French/Italian | 1 | 0.03 | 99.53 |
19 | Dutch/Latin | 1 | 0.03 | 99.56 |
20 | English/Cree | 1 | 0.03 | 99.59 |
21 | English/Dutch | 1 | 0.03 | 99.62 |
22 | English/Arabic | 1 | 0.03 | 99.64 |
23 | English/Czech | 1 | 0.03 | 99.67 |
24 | English/Italian | 1 | 0.03 | 99.70 |
25 | English/French/Czech/Michif/Chinese | 1 | 0.03 | 99.73 |
26 | Espanol | 1 | 0.03 | 99.76 |
27 | French/Spanish | 1 | 0.03 | 99.79 |
28 | German/English | 1 | 0.03 | 99.82 |
29 | Leopold Lambert | 1 | 0.03 | 99.85 |
30 | Russian | 1 | 0.03 | 99.88 |
31 | Spanish/Italian | 1 | 0.03 | 99.91 |
32 | Spanish/English | 1 | 0.03 | 99.94 |
33 | Swedish | 1 | 0.03 | 99.97 |
34 | Welsh | 1 | 0.03 | 100.00 |
Total | 3379 | 100.00 |
Table 5 shows the publishers wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books. Among the 3379, 368 (1089%) books were by ANU Press which is in the first position, 230 (6.81%) books were by Amsterdam University Press, which is in the second position, 209 (6.19%) were by UniversitÃtsverlag GÃttingen, which is in the third position, and 165 (4.88%) books were by BÃhlau which is in the fourth position. But many of the publishers have published the open access books in single digits only. These are listed at the bottom of the Table 5 and designated as follows: Equally Nine Books by Two Publishers, Eight Books by Four Publishers, Six Books by Two Publishers, Five Books by Five Publishers, Four Books by six Publishers, Three Books by Nine Publishers, Two Books by 12 Publishers and Single Book by 33 Publishers.
Sl. No. | Name of Publishers | No.of Books | Percentage | Cumulative Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ANU Press | 368 | 10.89 | 10.89 |
2 | Amsterdam University Press | 230 | 6.81 | 17.70 |
3 | UniversitÃtsverlag GÃttingen | 209 | 6.19 | 23.88 |
4 | BÃhlau | 165 | 4.88 | 28.77 |
5 | Bloomsbury Academic | 129 | 3.82 | 32.58 |
6 | Presses de lâIfpo | 123 | 3.64 | 36.22 |
7 | De Gruyter | 114 | 3.37 | 39.60 |
8 | SciELO Books - Centro Edelstein | 113 | 3.34 | 42.94 |
9 | Collège de France | 102 | 3.02 | 45.96 |
10 | SciELO Books - Editora UNESP | 97 | 2.87 | 48.83 |
11 | Utah State University, University Libraries | 97 | 2.87 | 51.70 |
12 | Manchester University Press | 94 | 2.78 | 54.48 |
13 | Athabasca University Press | 93 | 2.75 | 57.24 |
14 | Firenze University Press | 89 | 2.63 | 59.87 |
15 | SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ | 88 | 2.60 | 62.47 |
16 | Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Figuerola Institute of Social Science History | 78 | 2.31 | 64.78 |
17 | Springer-Verlag GmbH | 76 | 2.25 | 67.03 |
18 | Punctum Books | 68 | 2.01 | 69.04 |
19 | Open Book Publishers | 63 | 1.86 | 70.91 |
20 | University of Calgary Press | 63 | 1.86 | 72.77 |
21 | SciELO Books - EDUFBA | 59 | 1.75 | 74.52 |
22 | Ledizioni - LediPublishing | 55 | 1.63 | 76.15 |
23 | Brill | 50 | 1.48 | 77.63 |
24 | University of Adelaide Press | 50 | 1.48 | 79.11 |
25 | CNRS Ãditions | 47 | 1.39 | 80.50 |
26 | ENS Ãditions | 46 | 1.36 | 81.86 |
27 | Newfound Press | 45 | 1.33 | 83.19 |
28 | Central European University Press | 38 | 1.12 | 84.31 |
29 | University of Michigan Press | 30 | 0.89 | 85.20 |
30 | Academia Press | 26 | 0.77 | 85.97 |
31 | EDP SCIENCES | 25 | 0.74 | 86.71 |
32 | Open Humanities Press | 22 | 0.65 | 87.36 |
33 | Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenscha | 21 | 0.62 | 87.98 |
34 | Oxford University Press | 20 | 0.59 | 88.58 |
35 | SciELO Books - EDUEPB | 20 | 0.59 | 89.17 |
36 | KIT Scientific Publishing | 19 | 0.56 | 89.73 |
37 | Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidadesy Ciencias de la Educaci | 19 | 0.56 | 90.29 |
38 | University of Tartu Press | 17 | 0.50 | 90.80 |
39 | MDPI AG - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | 16 | 0.47 | 91.27 |
40 | Ubiquity Press | 16 | 0.47 | 91.74 |
41 | Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux (Liege University) | 14 | 0.41 | 92.16 |
42 | Editions de Linguistique et de Philologie | 13 | 0.38 | 92.54 |
43 | Leiden University Press | 13 | 0.38 | 92.93 |
44 | Studien Verlag | 13 | 0.38 | 93.31 |
45 | OpenEdition Press | 11 | 0.33 | 93.64 |
46 | Language Science Press | 10 | 0.30 | 93.93 |
47 | Palgrave Macmillan | 10 | 0.30 | 94.23 |
48 | Equally Nine Books by Two Publishers | 18 | 0.53 | 94.76 |
49 | Equally Eight Books by Four Publishers | 32 | 0.95 | 95.71 |
50 | Equally Six Books by Two Publishers | 12 | 0.36 | 96.06 |
51 | Equally Five Books by Five Publishers | 25 | 0.74 | 96.80 |
52 | Equally Four Books by six Publishers | 24 | 0.71 | 97.51 |
53 | Equally Three Books by Nine Publishers | 27 | 0.80 | 98.31 |
54 | Equally Two Books by 12 Publishers | 24 | 0.71 | 99.02 |
55 | Equally Single Book by 33 Publishers | 33 | 0.98 | 100.00 |
Total | 3379 | 100.00 |
Table 6 shows the year wise distribution of open access books based on the category of the number of pages in the publication. They were categorized based on the number of pages such as: not mentioned, 1 - 100, 101 - 200, 201 - 300, 301 - 400 and above 400. Among the 3379, 125 (37.0%) books were below 100 pages, 528 (15.63%) books were in more than 100 but below 200 pages, 683 (20.21%) books were in more than 200 but below 300 pages, 387 (11.45%) books were in the category of 300 to 400 pages, 151 (4.47%) books are more than 400 pages and 1505 (44.53%) books did not mentioned the number of pages in the directory. It is concluded from the table, that nearly 45 percent of the books did not mention the page number details.
Chi-Square Tests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 438.689 | 285 | .000 |
Likelihood Ratio | 482.560 | 285 | .000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association | 87.755 | 1 | .000 |
N of Valid Cases | 3379 |
The Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the publication year of open access books with respect their page numbers. The computed Chi-square value is 438.689 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence, the difference among the year of publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to number of pages of open access books.
Sl. No. | Year | Classification of Pages | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not mentioned | 1-100 | 101-200 | 201-300 | 301-400 | Above 400 | |||
1 | Not Mentioned | 13 (0.38) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 15 (0.44) |
2 | 1866 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
3 | 1867 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
4 | 1927 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
5 | 1931 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
6 | 1932 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.030 |
7 | 1940 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
8 | 1950 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
9 | 1952 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.030 |
10 | 1956 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
11 | 1962 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
12 | 1963 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
13 | 1964 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
14 | 1965 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
15 | 1967 | 3 (0.09) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.09) |
16 | 1968 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
17 | 1972 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
18 | 1973 | 4 (0.12) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.12) |
19 | 1974 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
20 | 1975 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
21 | 1976 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
22 | 1977 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.09) |
23 | 1978 | 3 (0.09) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.09) |
24 | 1979 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
25 | 1981 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
26 | 1982 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
27 | 1983 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
28 | 1984 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
29 | 1985 | 6 (0.18) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (0.18) |
30 | 1986 | 4 (0.12) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.12) |
31 | 1987 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
32 | 1988 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
33 | 1989 | 4 (0.12) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.12) |
34 | 1991 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
35 | 1992 | 4 (0.12) | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 6 (0.18) |
36 | 1993 | 6 (0.18) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 9 (0.27) |
37 | 1994 | 6 (0.18) | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 6 (0.18) | 0 | 0 | 13 (0.38) |
38 | 1995 | 11 (0.33) | 1 (0.03) | 4 (0.12) | 2 (0.06) | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 19 (0.56) |
39 | 1996 | 10 (0.30) | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 2 (0.06) | 1 (0.03) | 16 (0.47) |
40 | 1997 | 11 (0.33) | 1 (0.03) | 4 (0.12) | 5 (0.15) | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 24 (0.71) |
41 | 1998 | 10 (0.30) | 0 | 5 (0.15) | 5 (0.15) | 0 | 0 | 20 (0.59) |
42 | 1999 | 14 (0.41) | 1 (0.03) | 4 (0.12) | 6 (0.18) | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) | 27 (0.8) |
43 | 2000 | 16 (0.47) | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 4 (0.12) | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 25 (0.74) |
44 | 2001 | 36 (1.07) | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 3 (0.09) | 1 (0.03) | 43 (1.27) |
45 | 2002 | 45 (1.33) | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 4 (0.12) | 5 (0.15) | 1 (0.03) | 57 (1.69) |
46 | 2003 | 102 (3.02) | 0 | 4 (0.12) | 9 (0.27) | 5 (0.15) | 3 (0.09) | 123 (3.64) |
47 | 2004 | 64 (1.89) | 1 (0.03) | 7 (0.21) | 8 (0.24) | 5 (0.15) | 5 (0.15) | 90 (2.66) |
48 | 2005 | 60 (1.78) | 1 (0.03) | 4 (0.12) | 9 (0.27) | 9 (0.27) | 3 (0.09) | 86 (2.55) |
49 | 2006 | 68 (2.01) | 3 (0.09) | 24 (0.71) | 29 (0.86) | 16 (0.47) | 8 (0.24) | 148 (4.38) |
50 | 2007 | 61 (1.81) | 1 (0.03) | 16 (0.47) | 32 (0.95) | 12 (0.36) | 3 (0.09) | 125 (3.7) |
51 | 2008 | 9 (2.66) | 16 (0.47) | 51 (1.51) | 48 (1.42) | 31 (0.92) | 1 (0.3) | 246 (7.28) |
52 | 2009 | 9 (2.66) | 18 (0.53) | 54 (1.6) | 70 (2.07) | 51 (1.51) | 15 (0.44) | 298 (8.82) |
53 | 2010 | 101 (2.99) | 24 (0.71) | 65 (1.92) | 73 (2.16) | 41 (1.21) | 5 (0.15) | 309 (9.14) |
54 | 2011 | 101 (2.99) | 9 (0.27) | 46 (1.36) | 63 (1.86) | 34 (1.01) | 20 (0.59) | 273 (8.08) |
55 | 2012 | 149 (4.41) | 13 (0.38) | 46 (1.36) | 88 (2.6) | 48 (1.42) | 18 (0.53) | 362 (10.71) |
56 | 2013 | 146 (4.32) | 12 (0.36) | 79 (2.34) | 79 (2.34) | 51 (1.51) | 14 (0.41) | 381 (11.28) |
57 | 2014 | 161 (4.76) | 16 (0.47) | 67 (1.98) | 87 (2.57) | 41 (1.21) | 22 (0.65) | 394 (11.66) |
58 | 2015 | 75 (2.22) | 7 (0.21) | 38 (1.12) | 48 (1.42) | 27 (0.8) | 16 (0.47) | 211 (6.24) |
Total | 1505 (44.53) | 125 (3.70) | 528 (15.63) | 683 (20.21) | 387 (11.45) | 151 (4.47) | 3379 (100) |
Table 7 shows the language wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory of Open Access Books, which are categories based on their licenses. The open access books are categorized based on the licenses as follows: no licenses, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC, CC-BY-NC-ND, CC-BY-NC-SA, CC-BY-ND and CC-BY-SA. Among the 3379, 807 (23.88%) books were found as having no licenses, 97 (2.87%) books had CC-BY, 351 (10.391%) books had CC-BY-NC, 1438 (42.56%) books were in the category of CC-BY-NC-ND, 464 (13.73%) books were in CC-BY-NC-SA, 175 (5.18%) books were in CC-BY-ND and 47 (1.39%) books were in CC-BY-SA as per the directory. It is concluded from the table that, nearly 25 percent of the books had no licenses.
Chi-Square Tests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 6042.093 | 198 | .000 |
Likelihood Ratio | 4100.933 | 198 | .000 |
N of Valid Cases | 3379 |
A Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the languages of open access books with respect their licenses. The computed Chi-square value is 6042.093 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence, the difference among the languages wise publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to type of licenses of open access books.
Sl. No. | Languages | NO LICESES | CC BY | CC BY-NC | CC BY-NC-ND | CC BY-NC-SA | CC BY-ND | CC BY-SA | TOTAL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Not Mentioned | 62 (1.83) | 5 (0.15) | 123 (3.64) | 120 (3.55) | 11 (0.33) | 0 | 0 | 321 (9.5) |
2 | ar | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
3 | Czech | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.09) |
4 | Dutch | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 44 (1.3) | 218 (6.45) | 0 | 4 (0.12) | 0 | 269 (7.96) |
5 | Dutch; English | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.09) | 10 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 (0.38) |
6 | Dutch; English; French; Italian | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
7 | Dutch; Italian; rm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 (0.38) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 (0.38) |
8 | Dutch^la | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
9 | Dutch^la^el | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
10 | English | 445 (13.17) | 83 (2.46) | 153 (4.53) | 814 (24.09) | 36 (1.07) | 24 (0.71) | 29 (0.86) | 1584 (46.88) |
11 | English; Cree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
12 | English; Dutch | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
13 | English, Arabic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
14 | English; Czech | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
15 | English; Italian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
16 | English; French | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.12) |
17 | English; French; Cree; Michif; Chinese | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
18 | Espanola | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
19 | French; Spanish | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
20 | French | 292 (8.64) | 1 (0.03) | 20 (0.59) | 19 (0.56) | 5 (0.15) | 0 | 0 | 337 (9.97) |
21 | German | 0 | 4 (0.12) | 2 (0.06) | 50 (1.48) | 0 | 147 (4.35) | 18 (0.53) | 221 (6.54) |
22 | German; English | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
23 | German; English | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
24 | Italian | 3 (0.09) | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 79 (2.34) | 20 (0.59) | 0 | 0 | 105 (3.11) |
25 | Italian; English | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
26 | Leopold Lambert | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
27 | Portuguese | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 385 (11.39) | 0 | 0 | 387 (11.45) |
28 | Russian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
29 | Spanish; Italian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
30 | Spanish; English | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
31 | Spagnolo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
32 | Spanish | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | 94 (2.78) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 96 (2.84) |
33 | Swedish | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
34 | Welsh | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
Total | 807(23.88) | 97(2.87) | 351(10.39) | 1438(42.56) | 464(13.73) | 175(5.18) | 47(1.39) | 3379(100) |
Table 8 shows the year wise publication and added on open access books in the Directory of Open Access Books. During the period of 1866 to 2015 totally 3379 books were published, but from the year 2011 only books were added in the Directory. Out of 3379 the numbers added were as follows:, 487 (14.41%) books in 2011, 702 (20.77%) books in 2012, 365 (10.8%) books in 2013, 920 (27.22%) books in 2014 and 905 (26.78%) books in 2015. It is revealed from the table, that more than fifty percent of the books were added in 2014 and 2015, but 15 (0.44%) books did not mention their year of publication.
Chi-Square Tests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 2761.227 | 228 | .00 |
Likelihood Ratio | 2809.863 | 228 | .00 |
Linear-by-Linear Association | 10.776 | 1 | .01 |
N of Valid Cases | 3379 |
A Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the publication year of open access books with respect to the year added on DOAB. The computed Chi-square value is 2761.227 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence the difference among year wise publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to added year of open access books in DOAB.
Sl. No. | Year of Publication | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Not Mentioned | 2 (0.06) | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 8 (0.24) | 4 (0.12) | 15 (0.44) |
2 | 1866 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
3 | 1867 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
4 | 1927 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
5 | 1931 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
6 | 1932 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
7 | 1940 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
8 | 1950 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
9 | 1952 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
10 | 1956 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
11 | 1962 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
12 | 1963 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
13 | 1964 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
14 | 1965 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) |
15 | 1967 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.09) | 3 (0.09) |
16 | 1968 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 1 (0.03) |
17 | 1972 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
18 | 1973 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.12) | 4 (0.12) |
19 | 1974 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
20 | 1975 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
21 | 1976 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 2 (0.06) |
22 | 1977 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) | 3 (0.09) |
23 | 1978 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.09) | 3 (0.09) |
24 | 1979 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
25 | 1981 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
26 | 1982 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 2 (0.06) |
27 | 1983 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
28 | 1984 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
29 | 1985 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 3 (0.09) | 2 (0.06) | 6 (0.18) |
30 | 1986 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 3 (0.09) | 4 (0.12) |
31 | 1987 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) |
32 | 1988 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) |
33 | 1989 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 3 (0.09) | 4 (0.12) |
34 | 1991 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 2 (0.06) |
35 | 1992 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 3 (0.09) | 6 (0.18) |
36 | 1993 | 1 (0.03) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.06) | 6 (0.18) | 9 (0.27) |
37 | 1994 | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.03) | 6 (0.18) | 4 (0.12) | 13 (0.38) |
38 | 1995 | 0 | 5 (0.15) | 0 | 10 (0.3) | 4 (0.12) | 19 (0.56) |
39 | 1996 | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 11 (0.33) | 2 (0.06) | 16 (0.47) |
40 | 1997 | 1 (0.03) | 4 (0.12) | 0 | 12 (0.36) | 7 (0.21) | 24 (0.71) |
41 | 1998 | 0 | 3 (0.09) | 0 | 11 (0.33) | 6 (0.18) | 20 (0.59) |
42 | 1999 | 1 (0.03) | 5 (0.15) | 2 (0.06) | 15 (0.44) | 4 (0.12) | 27 (0.8) |
43 | 2000 | 2 (0.06) | 4 (0.12) | 0 | 11 (0.33) | 8 (0.24) | 25 (0.74) |
44 | 2001 | 3 (0.09) | 8 (0.24) | 4 (0.12) | 14 (0.41) | 14 (0.41) | 43 (1.27) |
45 | 2002 | 23 (0.68) | 4 (0.12) | 3 (0.09) | 11 (0.33) | 16 (0.47) | 57 (1.69) |
46 | 2003 | 77 (2.28) | 12 (0.36) | 7 (0.21) | 12 (0.36) | 15 (0.44) | 123 (3.64) |
47 | 2004 | 31 (0.92) | 7 (0.21) | 5 (0.15) | 26 (0.77) | 21 (0.62) | 90 (2.66) |
48 | 2005 | 26 (0.77) | 19 (0.56) | 3 (0.09) | 18 (0.53) | 20 (0.59) | 86 (2.55) |
49 | 2006 | 55 (1.63) | 22 (0.65) | 14 (0.41) | 45 (1.33) | 12 (0.36) | 148 (4.38) |
50 | 2007 | 35 (1.04) | 47 (1.39) | 10 (0.3) | 13 (0.38) | 20 (0.59) | 125 (3.7) |
51 | 2008 | 69 (2.04) | 83 (2.46) | 12 (0.36) | 17 (0.5) | 65 (1.92) | 246 (7.28) |
52 | 2009 | 75 (2.22) | 85 (2.52) | 11 (0.33) | 22 (0.65) | 105 (3.11) | 298 (8.82) |
53 | 2010 | 48 (1.42) | 120 (3.55) | 21 (0.62) | 29 (0.86) | 91 (2.69) | 309 (9.14) |
54 | 2011 | 36 (1.07) | 143 (4.23) | 24 (0.71) | 46 (1.36) | 24 (0.71) | 273 (8.08) |
55 | 2012 | 0 | 121 (3.58) | 104 (3.08) | 112 (3.31) | 25 (0.74) | 362 (10.71) |
56 | 2013 | 0 | 3 (0.09) | 138 (4.08) | 200 (5.92) | 40 (1.18) | 381 (11.28) |
57 | 2014 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.12) | 249 (7.37) | 141 (4.17) | 394 (11.66) |
58 | 2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.12) | 207 (6.13) | 211 (6.24) |
Total | 487 (14.41) | 702 (20.77) | 365 (10.8) | 920 (27.22) | 905 (26.78) | 3379 (100) |
Table 9 shows the license wise distribution of open access books available in the Directory Open Access Books, which are categories based on added years. Among the 3379, 807 (23.88%) books had no licenses, 97 (2.87%) books had CC-BY, 351 (10.39%) books had CC-BY-NC, 1438 (42.56%) books had CC-BY-NC-ND, 464 (13.73%) book had CC-BY-NC-SA, 175 (5.18%) books had CC-BY-ND and 47 (1.39%) of books had CC-BY-SA licenses. Out of 3379, 487 (14.41%) books were added in 2011, 702 (20.77%) books in 2012, 365 (10.8%) books in 2013, 920 (27.22%) books in 2014 and 905 (26.78%) books were added in 2015 with DOAB. Among the 905 books added in 2015, which includes 295 books with no licenses, 39 book had CC-BY, 78 books had CC-BY-NC, 193 books had CC-BY-NC-ND, 289 books had CC-BY-NC-SA, four books has CC-BY-ND and seven books has CC-BY-SA licenses. It is revealed from the table, that more than fifty percent of the books were added in 2014 and 2015, but 15 (0.44%) books did not mention their year of publications. It is concluded from the table that, nearly 25 percent of the books had no licenses.
Chi-Square Tests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 1407.314 | 24 | .00 |
Likelihood Ratio | 1610.671 | 24 | .00 |
N of Valid Cases | 3379 |
A Chi-square test is applied for further discussion about the licenses of open access books with respect to the year added on DOAB. The computed Chi-square value is 1407.314 which is higher than its tabulated value at 5 percent level of significance. Hence, the difference among licenses wise publication is statistically identified as highly significant with respect to added year of open access books in DOAB.
Sl.No. | Licenses | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | No licenses | 1 (0.03) | 217 (6.42) | 1 (0.03) | 293 (8.67) | 295 (8.73) | 807 (23.88) |
2 | CC-BY | 2 (0.06) | 8 (0.24) | 23 (0.68) | 25 (0.74) | 39 (1.15) | 97 (2.87) |
3 | CC-BY-NC | 137 (4.05) | 37 (1.09) | 26 (0.77) | 73 (2.16) | 78 (2.31) | 351 (10.39) |
4 | CC-BY-NC-ND | 247 (7.31) | 398 (11.78) | 253 (7.49) | 347 (10.27) | 193 (5.71) | 1438 (42.56) |
5 | CC-BY-NC-SA | 0 | 0 | 29 (0.86) | 146 (4.32) | 289 (8.55) | 464 (13.73) |
6 | CC-BY-ND | 100 (2.96) | 34 (1.01) | 29 (0.86) | 8 (0.24) | 4 (0.12) | 175 (5.18) |
7 | CC-BY-SA | 0 | 8 (0.24) | 4 (0.12) | 28 (0.83) | 7 (0.21) | 47 (1.39) |
Total | 487 (14.41) | 702 (20.78) | 365 (10.8) | 920 (27.23) | 905 (26.78) | 3379 (100) |
During the period of 1866 to 2015, in total 3379 are listed in DOAB with 487 books added in 2011, 702 books in 2012, 365 books in 2013, 920 books in 2014, and 905 books added in 2015, but more than fifty percent of the books were added in 2014 and 2015. The library professionals need to direct the user communities towards open access resources. The academic librarians have an important role to complete promotion and publicity of the benefits of open access. The Directory of Open Access Books creates the visibility for open access books and it is a platform for end users. A maximum of the libraries as well as publishers are contributing to the open access products like DOAJ and DOAR. Similarly the academic publishers also are taking the initiative to share the books through the DOAB. Library professionals can integrate the directory into their online catalogues, helping scholars and students to discover and utilize the books.
1. | DOAB: Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB: Directory of Open Access Books). Retrieved from http://www.doabooks.org |
2. | Ferwerda, E., Snijder, R., & Adema, J., (2013), OAPEN-NL: A project exploring open access monograph publishing in the Netherlands; final report, Oapen Foundation. |
3. | Harnad, S., Brody, T., ValliA res, F. O., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y., & Hilf, E. R., (2004), The access / impact problem and the green and gold roads to open access, Serials Review, 30(4), p310-314. |
4. | Loan, F. A., (2015), Open access e-books in science and technology: A case study of Directory of Open Access Books, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 35(4), p304-309. |
5. | Nicholas, D., Clark, D., Jamali, H. R., & Watkinson, A., (2014), Log usage analysis: What it discloses about use, information seeking and trustworthiness, International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology, 4(1), p23-37. |
6. | Singh, N., (2014), The role of BRICS in open access movement: With especial reference to DOAJ and OpenDOAR, Chinese Librarianship, 38, p50-59. |
7. | Snijder, R., (2012), A new service for open access monographs: The Directory of Open Access Books, Retrieved from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/E-book. |
Dr. Sadagopan Dhanavadan, is working as Assistant Librarian at The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram – 624 302, Tamil Nadu. He serves more than eighteen years in the LIS profession. He has guided many Ph.D scholars and Doctoral Committee member in various Universities in Tamil Nadu. He has published more than 100 articles in National and International Journals and more than 120 papers presented and published in National and International Conferences. Further he also published more than 18 books in Library and Information Science and 25 papers published in Chapters in edited books. He has attended more than 50 Seminars/Workshops and training programmes. He served as Chairperson and resource person in many workshop and conferences and also organized five workshops.